The Girl Next Door essays

The Girl Next Door papers The Girl nearby is a hard film not to like, its an uncivilized decent enchanted high school film. Its not difficult to perceive any reason why it is so fruitful: it is the uncommon teenager film that figures out how to be amusing and genuine without going to far. In the event that you contrast The Girl Next Door with the film, American Pie, despite the fact that American Pie is well known it resorts to the style of gross funniness. The Girl Next entryway has a ton of grown-up circumstances simply like American Pie yet its better natured, there isnt an eww second to be found. Matthew, played by Emile Hirsch is a secondary school senior, the leader of the school government and an inside and out decent person. He just has several companions and contrasted with every other person at school hes a geek. He's as of late been acknowledged to Georgetown University, and is a finalist for a grant. Be that as it may, when he goes to round out his yearbook quote at the absolute starting point of the film What I will always remember about secondary school is..., he understands he has nothing to recollect in light of the fact that he hasnt done anything ludicrous or strange. This progressions when Danielle moves in nearby, which obviously is, The young lady nearby. He watches her first stroll into the house then from his room he can see her getting unaltered, she is completely delightful. She saw him looking and afterward comes over and inquires as to whether she can be appeared around the town by Matthew. She at that point humiliates him by compelling him to strip in the road while she sparkles the vehicle lights onto him. They start to get to know each other, and soon they are going out. Their first kiss stands apart most grounded, Danielle convinces Matt to go to a school party where he isn't welcomed. Matthew gets advised to leave, and Danielle is being talked up by a muscle head. Matthew at that point remains there and you can instruct he is contemplating. At that point he accomplishes something he wouldnt normally do, he walks around to Danielle and j ... <!

Sociology And Its Aim Essay -- Sociology Essays

Humanism and Its Aim      Sociology is the logical investigation of society and human conduct. This is the most essential meaning of human science that one would discover. Getting a little more top to bottom, it is the investigation of people in gatherings and how they communicate with each other. A researcher in this field, a humanist, would take a gander at these bunches by methods for the sociological point of view. This includes taking a gander at a certain conduct like you have never seen it. Whenever done effectively the humanist ought to have the option to increase another degree of comprehension of the conduct or on the other hand social reality.      The term gathering could allude to a ton of things to the extent gatherings of individuals. It could be two individuals yet with the end goal of humanism it ought to be much more. There are segment factors utilized when characterizing the gathering. These are things for example, race, religion, sex, social class, etc.      When a humanist investigations conduct the most significant angle they see is the association of individuals both inside the gathering and with individuals that fit into different gatherings. This activity can be what the people verbally state to one another or essentially their nonverbal messages. There are many hand signs, both great and awful, that individuals trade just as outward appearances in response to an occasion or proclamation. Since I have a portion of the terms depicted lets take a gander at a model.      I loathe legal advisors. This is an individual...

Code of hammurabi.

Code of hammurabi. Despite the fact that Hammurabi was most likely sufficiently able to keep up rule through the might of the blade, he gave a lot of laws carrying equity and security to a turbulent and fierce locale. His laws had the accompanying areas: the introduction, the organization of equity, property, water system, advances and intrigue, guideline of exchange, obligation bondage, marriage and the family, selection, individual injury and murder, doctor's charges and negligence, building guidelines, wage guidelines, and an epilog. Each line inside each area covers something essential to the tasks of Babylonian culture. Albeit a portion of Hammurabi's thoughts seem brutal, they presumably carried dependability to this general public. The option was disorder and war.The most significant area of this code is presumably the preamble. It shows that these laws don't originate from one man. Hammurabi clarifies that he is the ruler and needs request and steadiness in the land. Ignoring the laws implies d isregarding the desires of the lord, yet in addition incensing the gods.An engraving of the Code of Hammurabi.The danger of death shows up as often as possible in these areas. Bogus observer, extortion, and burglary are for the most part manners by which could bring about execution of the wrongdoer. The basic demonstration of permitting undesirable individuals to remain inside the vender's foundation could demonstrate lethal. In any case, it is difficult to carry request to a world that has seen little of it ever.Babylon had been made due with hundreds of years, giving its inhabitants time to get worried over property. Not exclusively is there a particular segment committed to property, yet in addition these worries show up all through the code. Property is a central point in relationships, and concern must be set on who possesses what, particularly when the spouse focuses on ladies other than his significant other. The spouse has an endowment and once in a while youngsters. The mis tress may likewise deliver kids contending...

Acquisition Of Natwest By Royal Bank Of Scotland - Free Essay Example

Corporate strategy developers have in the past and today seen Mergers and Acquisitions as an effective tool to foster future growth and create sustainable value. As a norm, companies now aggressively seek and buy compatible businesses to gain from synergetic benefits and strengthen their core business operations, whether that is the Industry of Banking, Pharmaceutical, Information Technology, Construction or Retailing etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Expenditure on acquisitions in the UK by foreign companies increased from  £9.2 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £19.9 billion in quarter one 2008. Expenditure on acquisitions abroad by UK companies decreased from  £25.8 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £15.5 billion in quarter one 2008. Expenditure on acquisitions in the UK by UK companies increased from  £3.2 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £3.6 billion in quarter one 2008. The number of transactions reported for acquisitions in the UK by UK companies at quarter one 2008 is the lowest reported since quarter one 2003à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source: (https://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ma0608.pdf- on 06-06-2008). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In March 2000, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) acquired NatWest Bank, a bank three times its size. Shareholders were told that the merger would realise  £1.1 billion in cost savings and income gains. The acquisition of NatWest by the Royal Bank of Scotland has created a larger group which combines scale and financial strength with an innovation and growth culture, and gives us strategic options to create additional value for shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source:(https://www.rbs.com/media03.asp?id=MEDIA_CENTRE/PRESS_RELEASES/2001/MARCH/RESULTS2000- on 02-06-2008). The perceived motivation drives for this merger and acquisition activity are generally considered to be the acquiring banks desire to increase its return by expanding geographically. This perception is similar to Stewartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premises of merger motivation. According to the Stewart; the actual motivating forces behind merger should be ones that will: Increase financial performance (net operating profits). Financial benefits through borrowing against the Sellerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unused debt capacity or against an increase in the consolidated debt capacity (lending capacity for banks). Tax benefits derived from expensing the stepped-up basis of assets acquired or from the use of otherwise forfeited tax deductions or creditsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Stewart, 1991, p 375). 2. BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter aims to discuss various literatures on mergers and acquisitions in order to provide a background for subsequent analysis. The literature identifies several economic and financial theories that justify Merger and Acquisition activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature that we use to guide our empirical work. 2.1 DEFINITIONS The interdisciplinary nature of the MA discourse is reflected in the versatile definitions provided in the literature. Some definitions emphasize the organizational context of MA: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has two meanings in the context of combining organizations. Merger can refer to any form of combination of organizations, initiated by different kind of contracts. The more specific meaning that separates merger from acquisition is that merger is a combination of organizations which are similar in size and which create an organization where neither party can be seen as acquirerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Vaara, 2000, p 82). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The word merger refers to negotiations between friendly parties who arrive at a mutually agreeable decision to combine their companies. In general, mergers reflect various forms of combining companies through some mutuality in negotiationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Fred and Weaver, 2001, p 6). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The word merger is used to mean the combining of two business entities under the common ownershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold, 2005, p 1041). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In Acquisitions a company buying shares in another company to achieve a managerial influence. An acquisition may be of a minority or of a majority of the shares in the acquired company. An acquisition is recorded on the date of the economic decision (formally agreed) even if the legal issues have not been fully finalised. If subsequent disputes, legal issues or a lack of supervisory approval were to interfere with a completion of the acquisition, it is held not to have been recordedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Eurpean Central Bank, 2000, p 4). 2.2 TYPES OF MERGERS ACQUISITION From the point of view of an economist, there are four main groups of Merger and Acquisition. Horizontal ­Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In this one firm combines with another in the same line of business. In simple words, a horizontal merger occurs when two competitors combineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 13). Horizontal merger reduces the number of the competitors in the market. Vertical: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A vertical merger is the combination of successive activities in a vertical chain under common coordination and control of a single firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Sudarsanam, 2003, p 140). In simple words, it is a merger between a supplier and the distributor company of the supplies. This is a cost saving merger as well. For example HSBC purchased JP Morganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dollar clearing business in 1996. Congeneric: This involves related enterprises but not producers of the same product (as in horizontal merger) or firms in producer supplier relationship (as in vertical merger). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An example is when Lloyds Bank acquired Cheltenham and Gloucester in 1995 mostly to acquire its mortgage business, which is related to but different from retail bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source: (https://www.lloydstsb.com/about_ltsb/lloyds_bank.asp à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 04-05-2008) Conglomerate: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A conglomerate merger is the combining of two firms which operate in unrelated business areas. Some conglomerate mergers are motivated by risk reductions through diversification; some by the opportunity for cost reduction and improved efficiency, others have more complex driving motivationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold, 2002, p 870). For example in 1996, Royal Bank of Scotland was expected to take control of Charles Church. 2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW- THEORIES OF MA There are might a number of motives that might play a role in merger activity, like efficiency, growth , synergy, financial and tax benefits, shareholders exploration, but two of the most often cited motives for mergers and acquisitions are faster growth and synergy. All these strategic motives shall be discussed in this part of the proposal for the better understanding of merger and acquisition. 2.3.1 Efficiency Theory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The efficiency theory says that mergers occur because they improve the combined firms, operations, for example, by letting superior managers assume control, by exploiting cost reducing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“synergiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or complementarities in the partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations, or by taking fuller advantage of scale of economies and risk spreading opportunities, among other things in securing capitalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Ravenscraft and Scherer, 1987, p 211). In simple words, efficiency is an improvement in the utilization of existing assets that enables the combined firm to achieve lower costs in producing a given quantity and quality of goods and services. 2.3.2 Managerial Motives or Managerial Perspectives Takeovers can also arise because of the agency problem that exists between shareholders and managers, whereby managers are more concerned with satisfying their own objectives than with increasing the wealth of shareholders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The motive behind some acquisitions may be to increase managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay and power. Managers may also believe that the larger their organization, the less likely it is to be taken over by another company and hence the more secure their jobs will become. Take overs made on the grounds have no shareholder wealth justification since managers are likely to increase their own wealth at the expense of the shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Watson and Head, 2006, p 317). 2.3.3 Shareholders Expropriation The important motive behind the consolidation has been maximization of shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wealth. In the neo-classical prospective, this mean that the incremented cash flows from the decisions, where discounted at the appropriate discount rate should yield positive or zero net present value. Under uncertainty, the discount rate is the risk-adjusted rate with a market determined risk premium for risk. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Draper and Paudyal (1999) found that shareholders in the target businesses benefits substantially from takeover activity, particularly where they are given the option to receive either cash or shares in the bidder as the consolidation. It seems that the bidderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shareholders do not suffer from merger. They also found that the benefits to target shareholders have declined in the recent past. Bruner (2004) argued that the approach taken by many of the studies based on US takeovers were flawed in that the research results were unduly influenced b y a relatively small number of failures that involved particularly large businesses. He claimed that all takeovers benefit target shareholders and the overwhelming majority benefit bidder shareholders as well.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (McLaney, 2005, p 395). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shleifer and Summers suggest a number of other motives for mergers and acquisitions in which shareholders may gain at the expense of other stakeholders. For example, some target firms may seek acquirers to escape financial problems or to break unfavourable labour contracts. Other firms may seek leveraged purchases of their targets to increase the surviving firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk- return profile at the expense of existing debt holdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Shlfeifer and Summer, 1988, p 33). 2.3.4 Financial and Tax Benefits Whether tax motives are an important determinant of MAs. Certain studies have concluded that acquisition may be an effective means to secure tax benefits. Gilson, Scholes and Wolfson have set forth the theoretical framework demonstrating the relationship between such gains and MAs. They assert that for a certain small fraction of merger, tax motives could have played a significant role. Moreover, whether the transaction can be structured as a tax-free exchange may be a prime determining factor in whether to go forward with a deal. Sellers sometimes require tax free status as a prerequisite of approving a deal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the U.K the rules are more strict for taxes; the losses incurred by the acquired firm before it becomes part of the group cannot be offset against the profit of another member of the group. The losses can only be set against the future profits of the acquired company. Also that company has to continue operating in the same line of businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold 2005, p 1052). 2.3.5 Growth / Market Power Theory One of the most fundamental motives for MAs is growth. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Companies seeking to expand are faced with a choice between internal or organic growth and growth through MAs. Internal growth may be a slow and uncertain process. Growth through MAs may be a much more rapid process. If a company seeks to expand within its own industry, they may conclude that internal growth is not an acceptable alternative, for example, if a company has a window of opportunity that will remain open for only a limited period of time, slow internal growth may not suffice. As the company grows slowly through internal expansion, competitors may respond quickly and take market share. The only solution may be to acquire another company that has a resource, such as established offices, and facilities, management and other resources, in placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 117). Some mergers may result in market power which redounds to the benefits of the merging firms. George Stigler argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“such an effect might have been a primary motivation for many of the mergers and acquisitions during the last quarter of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. He called the 1887-1904 merger wave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“merger for monopolyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the 1916- 1926 wave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“merger for oligopolyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Stigler, 1968, p 23). 2.3.6 Synergy Theory This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce duplicate departments or operation, lowering the costs of the company relation to the same revenue stream, thus increasing profit. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The two main types of synergy are operating synergy and financial synergy. Operating synergy comes in two forms: revenue enhancement and cost reduction. These revenues enhancements and efficiency gains or operating economies may be derived in horizontal or vertical mergers. Financial synergy refers to the possibility that the cost of capital may be lowered by combining one or more companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 124). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Financial synergies result in lower cost of capital by lowering the systematic risk of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investment portfolio through an investment in an unrelated businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Trautwein, 1990, p 283). Below the list of reasons has been provided that are initiating consolidation in the form of merger and acquisitions in the U.K banking industry. Competition from building societies. New entrants into saving markets. New technology and the internet. Competition from the overseas banks. Government Policies. Economies of scale scope. Managing branch networks. 2.4 MERGER AND ACQUISITIONS: BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS Lumby and Jones identified four key benefits and five draw backs of mergers and acquisitions as follows: 2.4.1 BENEFITS 2.4.1.1 Speed: An acquisition allows the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s newly formed strategy to be implemented rapidly. Through organic growth it will take the company much longer to reach the same level of business activity. 2.4.1.2 Critical mass: The Company is able to immediately achieve the critical mass of assets and activity levels that might be needed to obtain the operating economies of scale that exist in the chosen business area. At the early stages of organic growth into a new business area, the operating economies enjoyed by large competitors will not be achievable; so putting the developed business activity at a significant competitive cost disadvantage, from which further progress may not be possible. 2.4.1.3 Own-paper financing: An acquisition can be made without impacting on the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cash resources or on its liquidity, by financing it with an issue of new equity called the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"own-paperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In contrast, organic growth will require the expenditure of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cash and credit resources. 2.4.1.4 Intellectual assets: In addition to the tangible assets of the acquired company, an acquisition will also bring with it intellectual assets such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"know-howà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and business contacts of the management team, the skills of the workforce and its trading reputation. With organic growth, these may have to be developed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in-houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ over time. In spite of the identified benefits, mergers and acquisitions have the following significant drawbacks as stated by Lumby and Jones: 2.4.2 DRAWBACKS 2.4.2.1 Risk: Mergers and acquisitions have a significant risk of high-cost failure attached. This is because an acquisition represents a single, very large investment, which if it turns out to be a mistake, then the business will have lost a substantial amount of its value. 2.4.2.2 Acquisition premium: Most acquisitions require the payment of an acquisition premium in order to persuade shareholders of the target company to sell their shares. This means that the acquiring company will be paying more than the economic worth of the company. 2.4.2.3 Steep learning curve: The acquiring company will have to rapidly learn how to manage an unfamiliar business and they may not necessarily be successful in doing so. In contrast, the slower pace of organic growth allows the management far more time in which to learn the range of new skills required to successfully manage the new business area. 2.4.2.4 Post-acquisition problems: Acquisitions could lead to a clash of management cultures between those of the acquired company and the acquiring company. This will often lead to key members of the acquired company leaving post-acquisition, resulting in the loss of vital intellectual capital. This may not be the case with organic growth. 2.4.2.5 Coinsurance effect: In an acquisition where either the predator company or/and the target company has debt financing, then there is the risk of a post-acquisition wealth transfer from the shareholders to the debt holders. (Lumby, 2003). 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This Proposal has been built upon the analysis of the mergers and acquisition of banks in the U.K, like the acquisition (takeover of NatWest by Royal Bank of Scotland) in 2000. In this research my effort is to attempt and cover all important issues related to Mergers and Acquisition, like what causes, and initiates a merger or an acquisition, the benefits accrue to the company, its employees and customers etc, and native aspects of MA. This research investigates into the roots and causes of ever increasing consolidation activity and tries to critically evaluate merger and acquisition. Another aim of the proposal is to study the expectations of the stakeholders of the banks in the U.K, and the effect a merger or an acquisition has on them. Three stakeholders, namely, shareholders, employees and customers shall be studied in detail with the help of the case study. As according to the Schweigher: MAs basically aim at enhancing the shareholders value or wealth, the results of several empirical studies reveal that on an average, MAs consistently benefit the target company shareholders but not the acquirer company shareholders. A majority of corporate mergers fail. Failure occurs on average, in every sense, acquiring firm stock prices likely to decrease when mergers are announced; many acquired companies sold off; and profitability of the acquired company is lower after the merger relative to comparable non-merged firms. Consulting firms have also estimated that from one half to two-thirds of MAs do not come up to the expectations of those transacting them, and many resulted in divestituresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. (Schweiger, 2003, p 71). The conclusion from this case study support my hypothesis that, whether stakeholders benefit from the merger and acquisition, because on the one hand, sometimes the merger and acquisition is beneficial for shareholders of the merging /or acquiring bank. On the other hand, employees are left worse-off following job cuts and redundancies. 4. STATEMENT OF DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY In order for the aims and objectives of the research to be fulfilled, it is essential to expand an understanding of the reason for growing tendency amongst banks in United Kingdom to pool together and the advantages of this pooling. The design of this project shall follow the deductive approach, like questionnaire, and the inductive research or the internal research will focus on interviews with the Managers and staff and customers of Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest. In this regards, it is not an easy task to get an interview from the managers or the members of staff, but I shall try my best to do so. The external research will be carried out through the readings of books, journal and published data. Another difficult thing was access to annual reports, but I have already got the annual reports of both banks. The theory, annual reports and different analysistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reports on the concepts of mergers and acquisitions shall be critically reviewed and thereafter compared and contrasted with facts gathered from the case study to confirm or disprove existing knowledge. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative data shall be analysed to make desired recommendations and conclusion. (UWIC Guidelines, Red Book is read carefully). 5. SOURCES AND ACQUISITION OF DATA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research can be done through books, as everyone knows, as only some knows; it can be done by letters. It can also be performed through Conversationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Watson, 1999, p 52). Sources of data adopted for this project include both secondary and primary data. A secondary data source enables a better understanding and explanation of the research problem. The literature review is a type of the secondary data, it involves the review of earlier studies on and around the research topic. Other secondary data includes the books on Finance, Mergers and Acquisitions, Strategy, journals, annual reports, analysistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reports and different online resources like web pages of Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest bank, should be used. In addition to the secondary data stated above, primary data sources shall equally be utilised to gather data directly from the key players in the merger and acquisition process. This shall include the use of questionnaires and personal interviews with managers and members of staff of RBS and NatWest. The interviews must be focused on the research area and not delve into alternative areas. (UWIC Guidelines, Red Book is been studied thoroughly). METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is the most difficult part of the project. Data analysis is the process of applying statistical, systematic and logical techniques, comparing the data and managing it. During the project both the qualitative and quantitative data will require analysis. In order to determine how well a company has performed in delivering stakeholders value, we need to make a comparison with its past performance. The first annual figures for The Royal Bank of Scotland Group following the acquisition of NatWest show the enlarged Group made a profit before tax, goodwill amortisation and integration costs of  £4,401 million on a pro forma basis for the year to 31 December 2000, an increase of 31 per cent. The period analysed would be broken into following categories. 1999 The Pre-acquisition period. 2000 The Announcement and bidding period. 2001 The Post acquisition period. The analysis shall cover some expense ratios, profitability ratios and balance sheet ratios. The expense and profitability ratios shall be used to analyse efficiency and profitability during the pre- and post-acquisition periods, while the balance sheet ratio shall be used to analyse changes that may have occurred that might have affected efficiency or profitability. Timetable    Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Problem Identification                               Review of Literature                         Research Design                      Choice of Methodology                      Data Sources                   Data Collection                      Data Analysis                         Draft Writing                   Editing                                  Final Documentation                            Binding Submission                                  REFERENCES Books: Arnold, G, 2005, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Financial Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 3rd edition, England, Prentice Hall, p 1041 1052. Arnold, G, 2002, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Financial Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 2nd edition, Great Britain, PrinticeHall, p 870. Fred W. J and Weaver S. C, 2001, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger and Acquisitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, Los Angeles, McGraw-Hill Professional, p 6. Gaughan P. A, 2007, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger, Acquisition, and Corporate Restructuringsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 4th edition, New Jersey, John Wiley Sons, Inc, p 13, 117 124. Gilson R, Scholes M. S and Wolfson M. A, 1988, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Taxation and Dynamics of Corporate Controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, New York, Oxford uni press, p 273. McLaney, E, 2005, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business Finance, Theory and Practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 7th edition, U.K, Pearson Education, P 395. Ravenscraft D. J and Schere F. M, 1987, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers, Sell-offs, Economic Efficiencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Washington D.C, Brookings Institution Press, p 211. Red Book, UWIC Guideline. Stewart, G.B, 1991, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Quest for Value, A guide for senior Managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, New York, Harper Business, p 375-382. Sudarsanam, S, 2003, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Creating Values from Mergers and Acquisitions-The Challengesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, England, Pearson Education Limited, p 140. Watson, G, 1999, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Writing A Thesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, New York, Pearson Education Ltd , P 52 Watson, D and Head, A, 2006, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Finance, Principles and practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 4th edition, U.K, PrinticeHall, p 317. Journals: Stigler G, (1968) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Monopoly and Oligopoly by Mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, American economic Review (1968) by the organisation of industry, Vol 40, No 2, May, p 23-34. Trautwein F, (1990), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger Motives and Merger Prescriptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Strategic Management Journal (1986-1998), Vol 11, No 4, May/June, p 283, by John Wiley sons. Shleifer. A and Summer, L. H (1988), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers; from Corporate Take over: Causes and Consequences, P 33-67, The University of Chicago Press. Vaara, E, (2000), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Constructions of Cultural differences in post-merger change process: a sense making perspective on Finnish-Swedish casesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. [emailprotected]/* */@gement Vol 3, no3: p 82. Schweiger, D.M, (2003), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“MA Integration: A Framework for Executives and Managers,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Book Summary by Niranjan Swain, in The ICFAI Journal of Applied Finance, Vol 9, No 2, p 71-79. Articles (Electronic): European Central Bank, (2000), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers and acquisitions involving the EU banking industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Available from, (www.ecb.eu/pub/pdf/other/eubkmergersen.pdf -accessed on 12-05-2008. Powell, C, (2008), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers and acquisitions involving UK companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, First Release, P 1, Available from (https://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ma0608.pdf, accessed on 06-06-2008). Websites: https://www.rbs.com/media03.asp?id=MEDIA_CENTRE/PRESS_RELEASES/2001/MARCH/RESULTS2000- accessed on 02-06-2008 https://www.lloydstsb.com/about_ltsb/lloyds_bank.asp- accessed on 04-05-2008.

A Portrait of a Young Man Essay - 753 Words

A Portrait of a Young Man. Portrait of a Young Man was painted by Angolo Bronzino between the years of 1503-1572. The portrait is 37 5/8 by 29  ½ inches and is an oil on wood( Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999). I picked this painting because of the self assurance, at first glance, of the young man that is depicted. This appealed to me because it reflected my own attitude. After studying the portrait for a considerable amount of time I began to see possible sadness or self-doubt in the young mans face that betrays his powerful stance. I felt a connection to the young man, knowing all too well what it was like to present a powerful outside image while knowing there was a self conscious and scared person inside.†¦show more content†¦An Artistic Evaluation head worked into the side. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the monster heads that are found on the furniture and on the folds of the young mans clothing, which I was unable to locate, allude to literary references that would have been appreciated by the artists friends. In the background there is a green colored room, that includes a door frame, a Doric column and a capital. Portrait of a Young Man was painted during the Mannerism period. It was done by Bronzino in Italy c.1540. The portrait is 37 5/8 by 29  ½ inches, its vertical because its a portrait. The frame cuts the shapes in the painting, this was done purposely in the typical Mannerism style which usually crowded the pictorial area . The painting is supported by wood, opaque oil paints were applied thickly with a fine brush, I was unable to see any distinct brush strokes. The forms are flat except for the beads on the young mans hat which seem to raise off the painting. The portrait contains a simple organization. There are few individual units like the chair and table but the picture is crowded. The shapes are regular and complete with clear defining lines. The painting is geometrically ordered, the chair and table appear to support and reinforce the pose of the young man.The palette the artist used is subdued,Show MoreRelatedA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1038 Words   |  5 Pageshis novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce and his character, Stephen Dedalus, share a wide variety of similarities, all the way from childhood aspects, to challenges of adulthood. Because of these similarities, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, is considered an autobiography. James Joyce created the character, Stephen Dedalus, as a mirrored image of himself in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. However, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man describes Joyce’sRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man 1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the rest of the people around him. Analyzing Stephen’s coming of age from such a perspective, that of a virtual stranger, shaped the conclusions that were drawn as well as the life events that were deemed significantRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus grows out of a repressive society fueled by religious beliefs to realize his true desire to be an artist. In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the n ovel ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the religious influencesRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its core innovative pioneering prose, and it can beRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplated his ever-present melancholy, his plunge into sinful abandon and his guilty conversion into an unbearably obsessive religious fervor as well as his later struggle to define his passion and purpose. In the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the restRead MorePortrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1620 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of the Artist as a Young Man is an excellent novel, written by James Joyce, about the life of Stephen Dedalus and how he overcame the barriers of his family and his religion to pursue his life as a writer. Drawing on details based on his own early life, Joyce provides us â€Å"with insight into how his own imagination worked† (Gose, 267). Extensive use of stream of consciousness, which represent the character’s inner thoughts and perceptions, and like human thoughts jumping from one thought toRead MorePortrait of the Artist as a Young Man882 Words   |  4 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Youn g Man tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a boy growing up in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century, as he gradually decides to cast off all his social, familial, and religious constraints to live a life devoted to the art of writing. Right at the beginning of the novel is the epigraphy Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes. This loosely translates into â€Å"he sent his soul into unknown arts.† This epigraphy is the bases of the novel; how Stephen explores is bodyRead More A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus - Rebel Without a Cause? His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her grave-clothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable Throughout A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is persistently portrayed as the outsider, apart from the society he andRead MoreJane Eyre And A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1473 Words   |  6 Pages The novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà «, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce, both exemplify the bildungsroman style, showing the growth of the characters over the course of each book. As bildungsroman novels, both texts share elements common to the genre, such as focusing primarily on character thoughts and reactions. They also share traits like periods of character development being tied to a particular place. However, they differ in other areas like narration styleRead MoreHead of a Young Man Later Roman Portrait1043 Words   |  4 PagesThis portrait is from the fifth century, estimated sometime from 400-420 AD. Originally from Syria, Asia by an unknown artist, it currently is held at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and cr edited to The Putnam Dana McMillan Fund. The elements within this portrait all are noteworthy in the sculpture contributing toward the creation of this artwork. This piece with will be analyzed first from a general overview and then the features moving from the top then moving to the base of the portrait. Due

Prescription Drug Abuse Is Increasing At A High Rate Essay

Intro: Why is it that prescription drug abuse is increasing at a high rate? The answer to this question can be somewhat complex. There are multiple reasons as to why this is happening, but the reasons all come together and create a laddering effect. Prescription drug abuse is currently at an all-time high because prescription drugs are so easy for a person to obtain. The chain reaction starts at the doctor over-prescribing medications then continues to consumers becoming what I would call drug dealers and ending with and addict or in more often than not death. Background: The U.S Food and Drug Adminsteratioin also known as the FDA founded in June of 1906..The FDA is in charge of many things such as food, cosmetics, tobacco and prescription medications. Their main goal is to ensure to the best of their ability public health. There have been many laws that have been passed against controlled substances but because there have been so many it has been hard to keep track of them all. In 1970 president Nixon passed a The controlled Substance Act. This act put a schedule on drugs that based on abuse. Scheduale 1 drugs are considered to be the most harmful; and have no medical use in this category is marijuana Argument: On February 2th 2016 a â€Å"California doctor was convicted of murder in connection with the overdose deaths of three of her patients was sentenced to 30 years to life in prison.† She was prescribing harmful drugs to these patients without any evidence that theShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfor pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a cripplingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse1298 Words   |  5 Pagessick. Prescription drugs are being taken for reasons othe r than the ones they are being prescribed for, fueling an addiction that impacts as many as 48 million Americans (Prescription Drug Abuse WebMD). According to MedLinePlus, an estimated 20 percent of people in the United States have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons. This is prescription drug abuse. While a considerable amount of time, resources, and attention are focused on the problems associated with illicit drugs, prescriptionRead MoreEconomic Impacts Of Drug Abuse1013 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Impacts of Drug Abuse in the United States Drug abuse is a major public health issue that impacts society both directly and indirectly; every person, every community is somehow affected by drug abuse and addiction and this economic burden is not exclusive to those who use substance, it inevitably impacts those who don t. Drugs impact our society in various ways including but not limited to lost earnings, health care expenditures, costs associated with crime, accidents, and deaths. The useRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Paper1740 Words   |  7 PagesBoubelik Engl 102 MWF 3:00pm Yuan Ding 26 March 2012 Abuse of Prescription Drugs in the U.S. Prescription drugs are the number-one drug problem that we face today, says David Rotenberg, executive director of the adolescent treatment center at the nonprofit Caron Foundation.  They are more widely prescribed, more widely available, and more widely abused by adolescents than they have ever been before.(DiConsiglio, 1) Abuse of prescription drugs is one of the fastest growing problems for young adultsRead MoreOpioids And Its Effects On Society1722 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"nation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic properties, opioids are seen to be the most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Although these narcotics are legallyRead MoreHeroin Abuse : A Growing Concern1484 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin abuse is a growing concern in the United States, particularly in young adults. Heroin, produced from morphine, is a highly addictive and fast acting opiate. Opiates are used for treating pain, and are derived from opium, which comes from the poppy plant. They provide people with a sense of intense euphoria, which is partly why they are so addictive. Because heroin is so addictive, especially in comparison to other drugs, it leads to many deaths due to overdoses. This topic is increasinglyRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they canRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1628 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Informatics Quality Improvement Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents Have you ever heard these words –hillbilly H, a-minus, red birds, Vitamin R, and roses? There is no question that we have heard some of these words. Yet, what is unexpected is they are all code words used by teens for prescription drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2016). Prescription drug abuse among teens has rapidly increased, and has become a public health concern. (Milner, Ham, Zamboanga, 2014.) WithRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Is A Serious Problem1547 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper Prescription drug abuse is a serious problem in today’s society. Prescription drug abuse is taking medicine prescribed for someone else, for another purpose, a larger dose than prescribed, in a different way than one is specifically prescribed. (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 1). This includes using a prescription to get high by crushing, snorting, or injecting them (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 4 and 5). By using these methods to put them into the body, it gives a stronger high than by justRead MoreThe s Fastest Growing Drug Problem1750 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"ation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic pr operties, opioids are seen to be the most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Historically, although these narcotics

Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Sharon will undergo automated peritoneal diagnosis at home. It involves removing waste and excess fluid by using peritoneal membrane as a filter for the exchange of fluid and dissolved substances like urea, glucose, electrolytes, etc. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) takes shorter dwell time at night with one eight hour dwell time during and it promotes patient independence. Two priorities of care for Sharon includes. Reducing risk for infection: Sharon is at risk of contamination of catheter during insertion of bags and peritonitis. To minimize infection, nurses should be alert for signs of infection like cloudy drainage or elevated temperature. Cloudy drainage is an indication of peritoneal disease. It is necessary to maintain aseptic techniques such as wearing a mask during insertion of catheter and dressing changes. It will prevent entry of organism and avoid airborne contamination (Ma, 2016). Reduce pain in a patient: Peritoneal dialysis is associated with insertion of a catheter through the abdominal wall. It may cause pain and restlessness in the patient. The nurse should investigate the intensity and location of pain to determine appropriate intervention. Sharon should be made aware that her initial pain will subside after little exchange (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010).Focus should be on preventing air from entering peritoneal cavity during infusion because it air entry irritates the diaphragm and leads to acute pain. The dialysate should be warmed to body temperature because cold dialysate causes vasoconstriction which causes discomfort and lowers the body temperature of the patient. To relieve pain and discomfort, an appropriate analgesic will be given to the patient (Hedayati, 2013). To ensure optimal health of Sharon, three types of nursing intervention in the community include Predialysis care: Community nurse will check the vital signs of Sharon such as body temperature, orthostatic blood pressure while lying, standing and sitting., respiration rate, and lung sounds. It will help in estimating fluid volume status and Sharon's level of tolerance for the procedure. It is important because the poor respiratory function will affect Sharon's ability to tolerate peritoneal dialysis and temperature check will prevent infection (O'Shaughnessy, 2014). Intradialysis care: Peritonitis is a common complication associated with peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should strictly follow aseptic technique to reduce the risk of peritonitis. They should add prescribed medication to the dialysate so that it flows freely into the abdominal cavity. Dialysate should remain in the abdomen for prescribed dwell time to maintain the exchange of solute and water between blood and dialysate. Signs of respiratory distress in a patient should be observed carefully. After dwell time, dialysate should be checked for clarity, color and odor to determine signs of infection or organ perforation (Yu et al., 2016). Post-dialysis care: All the vital signs of Sharon should be monitored again to determine the beneficial or adverse effects of the dialysis procedure. The timing of meal should be adjusted according to dialysis outflow. Sharon should be given meal when the abdomen is free from the dialysate. It enhances food intake and reduces nausea. The patient and their family should be informed about the procedure so that they can handle it themselves at home (Nadeau-Fredette et al., 2015). Three psychosocial issues in patient are: Depression: Dialysis has the serious impact on quality of life, social and economic well-being of the patient. Such patients suffer from depression, fear, anxiety, and irritation. Nurses should support such patients and get them involved in the process from the beginning. Once they are aware of ways to manage the procedure, their emotion distress will also reduce (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010). Trouble in adjusting to dialysis procedure: Dialysis is a mentally disturbing procedure for individual undergoing it for the first time. First, they have to deal with the creation of arterio-venous fistula in the arm which is painful. Then going for multiple rounds of dialysis in a week has to affect their work life. It leads to a prolonged period of frustration. It leads to an outburst of anger sometimes on family members and sometimes on nurses. Nurses should give them knowledge about the disease and procedure to remove any confusion. They should be encouraged to express their feeling verbally so that they problem can be addressed and they can adjust to managing the procedure (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010). Affect on patients self-esteem- Patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis cannot actively participate in sport and other social activities. This has a significant impact on their autonomy and self-esteem. It also has an impact on adherence to treatment options. The nurse should strengthen their belief system and make them believe that their illness is under control. Family support is also necessary to manage their medication and diet and motivate them to respond to treatment (Wang et al., 2014). People who have diabetes are at major risk of developing kidney failure. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood sugar level due to the inability of the body to make enough insulin. Insulin hormone regulates the amount of sugar in the blood, and insufficient production of insulin leads to high blood sugar level. The high amount of glucose in the blood damages the millions of tiny filtering units within the kidney. The kidney cannot purify blood properly. It leads to more water and salt retention in the body causing ankle swelling and weight gain. Protein is also found in the urine. Thus diabetes may lead to renal failure. Around 30% of people with diabetes develop kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy. A diabetic person is more susceptible to nephropathy if they cannot control their sugar levels (Reidy et al., 2014). Three medicines that Sharon is taking are Ramipril, Actrapid pen 100 units/ml, Captopril. The purpose of Ramipril- It is an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure or congestive heart failure. Sharon is taking this drug because she has a history of high blood pressure. High blood pressure is mostly seen in people with diabetes. The combination of hypertension and diabetes can be lethal for Sharon and may increase risk of heart attack (SHARMA, 2016). So Ramipril is essential for Sharon. The purpose of Captopril- It is also an ACE inhibitor drug used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and kidney problem caused by diabetes. Since Sharon suffers from renal failure, this drug is relevant for her to protect her kidneys. Captopril relaxes the blood vessels and allows the blood to flow smoothly (Prado et al., 2015). The purpose of Erythropoietin 60 units per week- It is given to Sharon because hse has renal failure and she has to undergo dialysis every week. She also had a right arm Arterio-Venous Fistula created for hemodialysis purpose. Erythropoietin is a growth factor that stimulates the production of red cells. It is necessary for Sharon because she has a chance of developing anemia due to renal failure. It is a better alternative for her than blood transfusions (Hrbrand et al., 2014). Reference Farrell, M. Dempsey, J. (2010).The Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd ed.). Hedayati, S. S. (2013). Improving symptoms of pain, erectile dysfunction, and depression in patients on dialysis.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,8(1), 5-7. Hrbrand, F., Rottenkolber, D., Fischaleck, J., Hasford, J. (2014). Erythropoietin-induced treatment costs in patients suffering from renal anemiaa comparison between biosimilar and originator drugs.Das Gesundheitswesen,76(11), e79-e84. Ma, T. K. W., Chow, K. M., Kwan, B. C. H., Pang, W. F., Leung, C. B., Li, P. K. T., Szeto, C. C. (2016). Peritonitis before Peritoneal Dialysis Training: Analysis of Causative Organisms, Clinical Outcomes, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Consequences.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, CJN-00830116. Nadeau-Fredette, A. C., Chan, C. T., Cho, Y., Hawley, C. M., Pascoe, E. M., Clayton, P. A., ... Johnson, D. W. (2015). Outcomes of integrated home dialysis care: a multi-centre, multi-national registry study.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,30(11), 1897-1904. O'Shaughnessy, M. (2014). Application of Dorothea Orem's theory of self-care to the elderly patient on peritoneal dialysis.Nephrology Nursing Journal,41(5), 495. Prado, M. A., Francisco, P., El Beck, M., Barros, M. (2015). Pharmacological Profile of Elderly Diabetics in Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil.International Journal of Epidemiology,44(suppl 1), i93-i94. Reidy, K., Kang, H. M., Hostetter, T., Susztak, K. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease.The Journal of clinical investigation,124(6), 2333-2340. SHARMA, D. S. (2016). Drugs Used for the Cure of High Blood Pressure(Review).International Journal of Scientific Research,4(8). Wang, T. J., Lin, M. Y., Liang, S. Y., Wu, S. F. V., Tung, H. H., Tsay, S. L. (2014). Factors influencing peritoneal dialysis patients' psychosocial adjustment.Journal of clinical nursing,23(1-2), 82-90. Yu, Z. L., Seow, Y. Y., Seow, P. S., Tan, B. L. K. (2016). Effectiveness of a day care program in supporting patients on peritoneal dialysis and their caregivers.International urology and nephrology,48(5), 799-805.