The Girl Next Door essays

The Girl Next Door papers The Girl nearby is a hard film not to like, its an uncivilized decent enchanted high school film. Its not difficult to perceive any reason why it is so fruitful: it is the uncommon teenager film that figures out how to be amusing and genuine without going to far. In the event that you contrast The Girl Next Door with the film, American Pie, despite the fact that American Pie is well known it resorts to the style of gross funniness. The Girl Next entryway has a ton of grown-up circumstances simply like American Pie yet its better natured, there isnt an eww second to be found. Matthew, played by Emile Hirsch is a secondary school senior, the leader of the school government and an inside and out decent person. He just has several companions and contrasted with every other person at school hes a geek. He's as of late been acknowledged to Georgetown University, and is a finalist for a grant. Be that as it may, when he goes to round out his yearbook quote at the absolute starting point of the film What I will always remember about secondary school is..., he understands he has nothing to recollect in light of the fact that he hasnt done anything ludicrous or strange. This progressions when Danielle moves in nearby, which obviously is, The young lady nearby. He watches her first stroll into the house then from his room he can see her getting unaltered, she is completely delightful. She saw him looking and afterward comes over and inquires as to whether she can be appeared around the town by Matthew. She at that point humiliates him by compelling him to strip in the road while she sparkles the vehicle lights onto him. They start to get to know each other, and soon they are going out. Their first kiss stands apart most grounded, Danielle convinces Matt to go to a school party where he isn't welcomed. Matthew gets advised to leave, and Danielle is being talked up by a muscle head. Matthew at that point remains there and you can instruct he is contemplating. At that point he accomplishes something he wouldnt normally do, he walks around to Danielle and j ... <!

Sociology And Its Aim Essay -- Sociology Essays

Humanism and Its Aim      Sociology is the logical investigation of society and human conduct. This is the most essential meaning of human science that one would discover. Getting a little more top to bottom, it is the investigation of people in gatherings and how they communicate with each other. A researcher in this field, a humanist, would take a gander at these bunches by methods for the sociological point of view. This includes taking a gander at a certain conduct like you have never seen it. Whenever done effectively the humanist ought to have the option to increase another degree of comprehension of the conduct or on the other hand social reality.      The term gathering could allude to a ton of things to the extent gatherings of individuals. It could be two individuals yet with the end goal of humanism it ought to be much more. There are segment factors utilized when characterizing the gathering. These are things for example, race, religion, sex, social class, etc.      When a humanist investigations conduct the most significant angle they see is the association of individuals both inside the gathering and with individuals that fit into different gatherings. This activity can be what the people verbally state to one another or essentially their nonverbal messages. There are many hand signs, both great and awful, that individuals trade just as outward appearances in response to an occasion or proclamation. Since I have a portion of the terms depicted lets take a gander at a model.      I loathe legal advisors. This is an individual...

Code of hammurabi.

Code of hammurabi. Despite the fact that Hammurabi was most likely sufficiently able to keep up rule through the might of the blade, he gave a lot of laws carrying equity and security to a turbulent and fierce locale. His laws had the accompanying areas: the introduction, the organization of equity, property, water system, advances and intrigue, guideline of exchange, obligation bondage, marriage and the family, selection, individual injury and murder, doctor's charges and negligence, building guidelines, wage guidelines, and an epilog. Each line inside each area covers something essential to the tasks of Babylonian culture. Albeit a portion of Hammurabi's thoughts seem brutal, they presumably carried dependability to this general public. The option was disorder and war.The most significant area of this code is presumably the preamble. It shows that these laws don't originate from one man. Hammurabi clarifies that he is the ruler and needs request and steadiness in the land. Ignoring the laws implies d isregarding the desires of the lord, yet in addition incensing the gods.An engraving of the Code of Hammurabi.The danger of death shows up as often as possible in these areas. Bogus observer, extortion, and burglary are for the most part manners by which could bring about execution of the wrongdoer. The basic demonstration of permitting undesirable individuals to remain inside the vender's foundation could demonstrate lethal. In any case, it is difficult to carry request to a world that has seen little of it ever.Babylon had been made due with hundreds of years, giving its inhabitants time to get worried over property. Not exclusively is there a particular segment committed to property, yet in addition these worries show up all through the code. Property is a central point in relationships, and concern must be set on who possesses what, particularly when the spouse focuses on ladies other than his significant other. The spouse has an endowment and once in a while youngsters. The mis tress may likewise deliver kids contending...

Acquisition Of Natwest By Royal Bank Of Scotland - Free Essay Example

Corporate strategy developers have in the past and today seen Mergers and Acquisitions as an effective tool to foster future growth and create sustainable value. As a norm, companies now aggressively seek and buy compatible businesses to gain from synergetic benefits and strengthen their core business operations, whether that is the Industry of Banking, Pharmaceutical, Information Technology, Construction or Retailing etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Expenditure on acquisitions in the UK by foreign companies increased from  £9.2 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £19.9 billion in quarter one 2008. Expenditure on acquisitions abroad by UK companies decreased from  £25.8 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £15.5 billion in quarter one 2008. Expenditure on acquisitions in the UK by UK companies increased from  £3.2 billion in quarter four 2007 to  £3.6 billion in quarter one 2008. The number of transactions reported for acquisitions in the UK by UK companies at quarter one 2008 is the lowest reported since quarter one 2003à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source: (https://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ma0608.pdf- on 06-06-2008). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In March 2000, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) acquired NatWest Bank, a bank three times its size. Shareholders were told that the merger would realise  £1.1 billion in cost savings and income gains. The acquisition of NatWest by the Royal Bank of Scotland has created a larger group which combines scale and financial strength with an innovation and growth culture, and gives us strategic options to create additional value for shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source:(https://www.rbs.com/media03.asp?id=MEDIA_CENTRE/PRESS_RELEASES/2001/MARCH/RESULTS2000- on 02-06-2008). The perceived motivation drives for this merger and acquisition activity are generally considered to be the acquiring banks desire to increase its return by expanding geographically. This perception is similar to Stewartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premises of merger motivation. According to the Stewart; the actual motivating forces behind merger should be ones that will: Increase financial performance (net operating profits). Financial benefits through borrowing against the Sellerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unused debt capacity or against an increase in the consolidated debt capacity (lending capacity for banks). Tax benefits derived from expensing the stepped-up basis of assets acquired or from the use of otherwise forfeited tax deductions or creditsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Stewart, 1991, p 375). 2. BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter aims to discuss various literatures on mergers and acquisitions in order to provide a background for subsequent analysis. The literature identifies several economic and financial theories that justify Merger and Acquisition activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature that we use to guide our empirical work. 2.1 DEFINITIONS The interdisciplinary nature of the MA discourse is reflected in the versatile definitions provided in the literature. Some definitions emphasize the organizational context of MA: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has two meanings in the context of combining organizations. Merger can refer to any form of combination of organizations, initiated by different kind of contracts. The more specific meaning that separates merger from acquisition is that merger is a combination of organizations which are similar in size and which create an organization where neither party can be seen as acquirerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Vaara, 2000, p 82). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The word merger refers to negotiations between friendly parties who arrive at a mutually agreeable decision to combine their companies. In general, mergers reflect various forms of combining companies through some mutuality in negotiationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Fred and Weaver, 2001, p 6). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The word merger is used to mean the combining of two business entities under the common ownershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold, 2005, p 1041). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In Acquisitions a company buying shares in another company to achieve a managerial influence. An acquisition may be of a minority or of a majority of the shares in the acquired company. An acquisition is recorded on the date of the economic decision (formally agreed) even if the legal issues have not been fully finalised. If subsequent disputes, legal issues or a lack of supervisory approval were to interfere with a completion of the acquisition, it is held not to have been recordedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Eurpean Central Bank, 2000, p 4). 2.2 TYPES OF MERGERS ACQUISITION From the point of view of an economist, there are four main groups of Merger and Acquisition. Horizontal ­Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In this one firm combines with another in the same line of business. In simple words, a horizontal merger occurs when two competitors combineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 13). Horizontal merger reduces the number of the competitors in the market. Vertical: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A vertical merger is the combination of successive activities in a vertical chain under common coordination and control of a single firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Sudarsanam, 2003, p 140). In simple words, it is a merger between a supplier and the distributor company of the supplies. This is a cost saving merger as well. For example HSBC purchased JP Morganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dollar clearing business in 1996. Congeneric: This involves related enterprises but not producers of the same product (as in horizontal merger) or firms in producer supplier relationship (as in vertical merger). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An example is when Lloyds Bank acquired Cheltenham and Gloucester in 1995 mostly to acquire its mortgage business, which is related to but different from retail bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Source: (https://www.lloydstsb.com/about_ltsb/lloyds_bank.asp à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 04-05-2008) Conglomerate: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A conglomerate merger is the combining of two firms which operate in unrelated business areas. Some conglomerate mergers are motivated by risk reductions through diversification; some by the opportunity for cost reduction and improved efficiency, others have more complex driving motivationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold, 2002, p 870). For example in 1996, Royal Bank of Scotland was expected to take control of Charles Church. 2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW- THEORIES OF MA There are might a number of motives that might play a role in merger activity, like efficiency, growth , synergy, financial and tax benefits, shareholders exploration, but two of the most often cited motives for mergers and acquisitions are faster growth and synergy. All these strategic motives shall be discussed in this part of the proposal for the better understanding of merger and acquisition. 2.3.1 Efficiency Theory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The efficiency theory says that mergers occur because they improve the combined firms, operations, for example, by letting superior managers assume control, by exploiting cost reducing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“synergiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or complementarities in the partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations, or by taking fuller advantage of scale of economies and risk spreading opportunities, among other things in securing capitalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Ravenscraft and Scherer, 1987, p 211). In simple words, efficiency is an improvement in the utilization of existing assets that enables the combined firm to achieve lower costs in producing a given quantity and quality of goods and services. 2.3.2 Managerial Motives or Managerial Perspectives Takeovers can also arise because of the agency problem that exists between shareholders and managers, whereby managers are more concerned with satisfying their own objectives than with increasing the wealth of shareholders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The motive behind some acquisitions may be to increase managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay and power. Managers may also believe that the larger their organization, the less likely it is to be taken over by another company and hence the more secure their jobs will become. Take overs made on the grounds have no shareholder wealth justification since managers are likely to increase their own wealth at the expense of the shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Watson and Head, 2006, p 317). 2.3.3 Shareholders Expropriation The important motive behind the consolidation has been maximization of shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wealth. In the neo-classical prospective, this mean that the incremented cash flows from the decisions, where discounted at the appropriate discount rate should yield positive or zero net present value. Under uncertainty, the discount rate is the risk-adjusted rate with a market determined risk premium for risk. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Draper and Paudyal (1999) found that shareholders in the target businesses benefits substantially from takeover activity, particularly where they are given the option to receive either cash or shares in the bidder as the consolidation. It seems that the bidderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shareholders do not suffer from merger. They also found that the benefits to target shareholders have declined in the recent past. Bruner (2004) argued that the approach taken by many of the studies based on US takeovers were flawed in that the research results were unduly influenced b y a relatively small number of failures that involved particularly large businesses. He claimed that all takeovers benefit target shareholders and the overwhelming majority benefit bidder shareholders as well.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (McLaney, 2005, p 395). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shleifer and Summers suggest a number of other motives for mergers and acquisitions in which shareholders may gain at the expense of other stakeholders. For example, some target firms may seek acquirers to escape financial problems or to break unfavourable labour contracts. Other firms may seek leveraged purchases of their targets to increase the surviving firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk- return profile at the expense of existing debt holdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Shlfeifer and Summer, 1988, p 33). 2.3.4 Financial and Tax Benefits Whether tax motives are an important determinant of MAs. Certain studies have concluded that acquisition may be an effective means to secure tax benefits. Gilson, Scholes and Wolfson have set forth the theoretical framework demonstrating the relationship between such gains and MAs. They assert that for a certain small fraction of merger, tax motives could have played a significant role. Moreover, whether the transaction can be structured as a tax-free exchange may be a prime determining factor in whether to go forward with a deal. Sellers sometimes require tax free status as a prerequisite of approving a deal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the U.K the rules are more strict for taxes; the losses incurred by the acquired firm before it becomes part of the group cannot be offset against the profit of another member of the group. The losses can only be set against the future profits of the acquired company. Also that company has to continue operating in the same line of businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Arnold 2005, p 1052). 2.3.5 Growth / Market Power Theory One of the most fundamental motives for MAs is growth. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Companies seeking to expand are faced with a choice between internal or organic growth and growth through MAs. Internal growth may be a slow and uncertain process. Growth through MAs may be a much more rapid process. If a company seeks to expand within its own industry, they may conclude that internal growth is not an acceptable alternative, for example, if a company has a window of opportunity that will remain open for only a limited period of time, slow internal growth may not suffice. As the company grows slowly through internal expansion, competitors may respond quickly and take market share. The only solution may be to acquire another company that has a resource, such as established offices, and facilities, management and other resources, in placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 117). Some mergers may result in market power which redounds to the benefits of the merging firms. George Stigler argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“such an effect might have been a primary motivation for many of the mergers and acquisitions during the last quarter of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. He called the 1887-1904 merger wave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“merger for monopolyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the 1916- 1926 wave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“merger for oligopolyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Stigler, 1968, p 23). 2.3.6 Synergy Theory This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce duplicate departments or operation, lowering the costs of the company relation to the same revenue stream, thus increasing profit. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The two main types of synergy are operating synergy and financial synergy. Operating synergy comes in two forms: revenue enhancement and cost reduction. These revenues enhancements and efficiency gains or operating economies may be derived in horizontal or vertical mergers. Financial synergy refers to the possibility that the cost of capital may be lowered by combining one or more companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Gaughan, 2007, p 124). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Financial synergies result in lower cost of capital by lowering the systematic risk of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investment portfolio through an investment in an unrelated businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Trautwein, 1990, p 283). Below the list of reasons has been provided that are initiating consolidation in the form of merger and acquisitions in the U.K banking industry. Competition from building societies. New entrants into saving markets. New technology and the internet. Competition from the overseas banks. Government Policies. Economies of scale scope. Managing branch networks. 2.4 MERGER AND ACQUISITIONS: BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS Lumby and Jones identified four key benefits and five draw backs of mergers and acquisitions as follows: 2.4.1 BENEFITS 2.4.1.1 Speed: An acquisition allows the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s newly formed strategy to be implemented rapidly. Through organic growth it will take the company much longer to reach the same level of business activity. 2.4.1.2 Critical mass: The Company is able to immediately achieve the critical mass of assets and activity levels that might be needed to obtain the operating economies of scale that exist in the chosen business area. At the early stages of organic growth into a new business area, the operating economies enjoyed by large competitors will not be achievable; so putting the developed business activity at a significant competitive cost disadvantage, from which further progress may not be possible. 2.4.1.3 Own-paper financing: An acquisition can be made without impacting on the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cash resources or on its liquidity, by financing it with an issue of new equity called the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"own-paperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In contrast, organic growth will require the expenditure of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cash and credit resources. 2.4.1.4 Intellectual assets: In addition to the tangible assets of the acquired company, an acquisition will also bring with it intellectual assets such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"know-howà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and business contacts of the management team, the skills of the workforce and its trading reputation. With organic growth, these may have to be developed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in-houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ over time. In spite of the identified benefits, mergers and acquisitions have the following significant drawbacks as stated by Lumby and Jones: 2.4.2 DRAWBACKS 2.4.2.1 Risk: Mergers and acquisitions have a significant risk of high-cost failure attached. This is because an acquisition represents a single, very large investment, which if it turns out to be a mistake, then the business will have lost a substantial amount of its value. 2.4.2.2 Acquisition premium: Most acquisitions require the payment of an acquisition premium in order to persuade shareholders of the target company to sell their shares. This means that the acquiring company will be paying more than the economic worth of the company. 2.4.2.3 Steep learning curve: The acquiring company will have to rapidly learn how to manage an unfamiliar business and they may not necessarily be successful in doing so. In contrast, the slower pace of organic growth allows the management far more time in which to learn the range of new skills required to successfully manage the new business area. 2.4.2.4 Post-acquisition problems: Acquisitions could lead to a clash of management cultures between those of the acquired company and the acquiring company. This will often lead to key members of the acquired company leaving post-acquisition, resulting in the loss of vital intellectual capital. This may not be the case with organic growth. 2.4.2.5 Coinsurance effect: In an acquisition where either the predator company or/and the target company has debt financing, then there is the risk of a post-acquisition wealth transfer from the shareholders to the debt holders. (Lumby, 2003). 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This Proposal has been built upon the analysis of the mergers and acquisition of banks in the U.K, like the acquisition (takeover of NatWest by Royal Bank of Scotland) in 2000. In this research my effort is to attempt and cover all important issues related to Mergers and Acquisition, like what causes, and initiates a merger or an acquisition, the benefits accrue to the company, its employees and customers etc, and native aspects of MA. This research investigates into the roots and causes of ever increasing consolidation activity and tries to critically evaluate merger and acquisition. Another aim of the proposal is to study the expectations of the stakeholders of the banks in the U.K, and the effect a merger or an acquisition has on them. Three stakeholders, namely, shareholders, employees and customers shall be studied in detail with the help of the case study. As according to the Schweigher: MAs basically aim at enhancing the shareholders value or wealth, the results of several empirical studies reveal that on an average, MAs consistently benefit the target company shareholders but not the acquirer company shareholders. A majority of corporate mergers fail. Failure occurs on average, in every sense, acquiring firm stock prices likely to decrease when mergers are announced; many acquired companies sold off; and profitability of the acquired company is lower after the merger relative to comparable non-merged firms. Consulting firms have also estimated that from one half to two-thirds of MAs do not come up to the expectations of those transacting them, and many resulted in divestituresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. (Schweiger, 2003, p 71). The conclusion from this case study support my hypothesis that, whether stakeholders benefit from the merger and acquisition, because on the one hand, sometimes the merger and acquisition is beneficial for shareholders of the merging /or acquiring bank. On the other hand, employees are left worse-off following job cuts and redundancies. 4. STATEMENT OF DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY In order for the aims and objectives of the research to be fulfilled, it is essential to expand an understanding of the reason for growing tendency amongst banks in United Kingdom to pool together and the advantages of this pooling. The design of this project shall follow the deductive approach, like questionnaire, and the inductive research or the internal research will focus on interviews with the Managers and staff and customers of Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest. In this regards, it is not an easy task to get an interview from the managers or the members of staff, but I shall try my best to do so. The external research will be carried out through the readings of books, journal and published data. Another difficult thing was access to annual reports, but I have already got the annual reports of both banks. The theory, annual reports and different analysistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reports on the concepts of mergers and acquisitions shall be critically reviewed and thereafter compared and contrasted with facts gathered from the case study to confirm or disprove existing knowledge. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative data shall be analysed to make desired recommendations and conclusion. (UWIC Guidelines, Red Book is read carefully). 5. SOURCES AND ACQUISITION OF DATA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research can be done through books, as everyone knows, as only some knows; it can be done by letters. It can also be performed through Conversationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Watson, 1999, p 52). Sources of data adopted for this project include both secondary and primary data. A secondary data source enables a better understanding and explanation of the research problem. The literature review is a type of the secondary data, it involves the review of earlier studies on and around the research topic. Other secondary data includes the books on Finance, Mergers and Acquisitions, Strategy, journals, annual reports, analysistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reports and different online resources like web pages of Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest bank, should be used. In addition to the secondary data stated above, primary data sources shall equally be utilised to gather data directly from the key players in the merger and acquisition process. This shall include the use of questionnaires and personal interviews with managers and members of staff of RBS and NatWest. The interviews must be focused on the research area and not delve into alternative areas. (UWIC Guidelines, Red Book is been studied thoroughly). METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is the most difficult part of the project. Data analysis is the process of applying statistical, systematic and logical techniques, comparing the data and managing it. During the project both the qualitative and quantitative data will require analysis. In order to determine how well a company has performed in delivering stakeholders value, we need to make a comparison with its past performance. The first annual figures for The Royal Bank of Scotland Group following the acquisition of NatWest show the enlarged Group made a profit before tax, goodwill amortisation and integration costs of  £4,401 million on a pro forma basis for the year to 31 December 2000, an increase of 31 per cent. The period analysed would be broken into following categories. 1999 The Pre-acquisition period. 2000 The Announcement and bidding period. 2001 The Post acquisition period. The analysis shall cover some expense ratios, profitability ratios and balance sheet ratios. The expense and profitability ratios shall be used to analyse efficiency and profitability during the pre- and post-acquisition periods, while the balance sheet ratio shall be used to analyse changes that may have occurred that might have affected efficiency or profitability. Timetable    Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Problem Identification                               Review of Literature                         Research Design                      Choice of Methodology                      Data Sources                   Data Collection                      Data Analysis                         Draft Writing                   Editing                                  Final Documentation                            Binding Submission                                  REFERENCES Books: Arnold, G, 2005, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Financial Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 3rd edition, England, Prentice Hall, p 1041 1052. Arnold, G, 2002, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Financial Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 2nd edition, Great Britain, PrinticeHall, p 870. Fred W. J and Weaver S. C, 2001, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger and Acquisitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, Los Angeles, McGraw-Hill Professional, p 6. Gaughan P. A, 2007, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger, Acquisition, and Corporate Restructuringsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 4th edition, New Jersey, John Wiley Sons, Inc, p 13, 117 124. Gilson R, Scholes M. S and Wolfson M. A, 1988, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Taxation and Dynamics of Corporate Controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, New York, Oxford uni press, p 273. McLaney, E, 2005, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business Finance, Theory and Practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 7th edition, U.K, Pearson Education, P 395. Ravenscraft D. J and Schere F. M, 1987, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers, Sell-offs, Economic Efficiencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Washington D.C, Brookings Institution Press, p 211. Red Book, UWIC Guideline. Stewart, G.B, 1991, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Quest for Value, A guide for senior Managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, New York, Harper Business, p 375-382. Sudarsanam, S, 2003, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Creating Values from Mergers and Acquisitions-The Challengesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, England, Pearson Education Limited, p 140. Watson, G, 1999, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Writing A Thesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1st edition, New York, Pearson Education Ltd , P 52 Watson, D and Head, A, 2006, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Corporate Finance, Principles and practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 4th edition, U.K, PrinticeHall, p 317. Journals: Stigler G, (1968) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Monopoly and Oligopoly by Mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, American economic Review (1968) by the organisation of industry, Vol 40, No 2, May, p 23-34. Trautwein F, (1990), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Merger Motives and Merger Prescriptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Strategic Management Journal (1986-1998), Vol 11, No 4, May/June, p 283, by John Wiley sons. Shleifer. A and Summer, L. H (1988), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers; from Corporate Take over: Causes and Consequences, P 33-67, The University of Chicago Press. Vaara, E, (2000), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Constructions of Cultural differences in post-merger change process: a sense making perspective on Finnish-Swedish casesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. [emailprotected]/* */@gement Vol 3, no3: p 82. Schweiger, D.M, (2003), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“MA Integration: A Framework for Executives and Managers,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Book Summary by Niranjan Swain, in The ICFAI Journal of Applied Finance, Vol 9, No 2, p 71-79. Articles (Electronic): European Central Bank, (2000), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers and acquisitions involving the EU banking industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Available from, (www.ecb.eu/pub/pdf/other/eubkmergersen.pdf -accessed on 12-05-2008. Powell, C, (2008), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers and acquisitions involving UK companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, First Release, P 1, Available from (https://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ma0608.pdf, accessed on 06-06-2008). Websites: https://www.rbs.com/media03.asp?id=MEDIA_CENTRE/PRESS_RELEASES/2001/MARCH/RESULTS2000- accessed on 02-06-2008 https://www.lloydstsb.com/about_ltsb/lloyds_bank.asp- accessed on 04-05-2008.

A Portrait of a Young Man Essay - 753 Words

A Portrait of a Young Man. Portrait of a Young Man was painted by Angolo Bronzino between the years of 1503-1572. The portrait is 37 5/8 by 29  ½ inches and is an oil on wood( Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999). I picked this painting because of the self assurance, at first glance, of the young man that is depicted. This appealed to me because it reflected my own attitude. After studying the portrait for a considerable amount of time I began to see possible sadness or self-doubt in the young mans face that betrays his powerful stance. I felt a connection to the young man, knowing all too well what it was like to present a powerful outside image while knowing there was a self conscious and scared person inside.†¦show more content†¦An Artistic Evaluation head worked into the side. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the monster heads that are found on the furniture and on the folds of the young mans clothing, which I was unable to locate, allude to literary references that would have been appreciated by the artists friends. In the background there is a green colored room, that includes a door frame, a Doric column and a capital. Portrait of a Young Man was painted during the Mannerism period. It was done by Bronzino in Italy c.1540. The portrait is 37 5/8 by 29  ½ inches, its vertical because its a portrait. The frame cuts the shapes in the painting, this was done purposely in the typical Mannerism style which usually crowded the pictorial area . The painting is supported by wood, opaque oil paints were applied thickly with a fine brush, I was unable to see any distinct brush strokes. The forms are flat except for the beads on the young mans hat which seem to raise off the painting. The portrait contains a simple organization. There are few individual units like the chair and table but the picture is crowded. The shapes are regular and complete with clear defining lines. The painting is geometrically ordered, the chair and table appear to support and reinforce the pose of the young man.The palette the artist used is subdued,Show MoreRelatedA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1038 Words   |  5 Pageshis novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce and his character, Stephen Dedalus, share a wide variety of similarities, all the way from childhood aspects, to challenges of adulthood. Because of these similarities, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, is considered an autobiography. James Joyce created the character, Stephen Dedalus, as a mirrored image of himself in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. However, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man describes Joyce’sRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man 1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the rest of the people around him. Analyzing Stephen’s coming of age from such a perspective, that of a virtual stranger, shaped the conclusions that were drawn as well as the life events that were deemed significantRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus grows out of a repressive society fueled by religious beliefs to realize his true desire to be an artist. In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the n ovel ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the religious influencesRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its core innovative pioneering prose, and it can beRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplated his ever-present melancholy, his plunge into sinful abandon and his guilty conversion into an unbearably obsessive religious fervor as well as his later struggle to define his passion and purpose. In the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the restRead MorePortrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1620 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of the Artist as a Young Man is an excellent novel, written by James Joyce, about the life of Stephen Dedalus and how he overcame the barriers of his family and his religion to pursue his life as a writer. Drawing on details based on his own early life, Joyce provides us â€Å"with insight into how his own imagination worked† (Gose, 267). Extensive use of stream of consciousness, which represent the character’s inner thoughts and perceptions, and like human thoughts jumping from one thought toRead MorePortrait of the Artist as a Young Man882 Words   |  4 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Youn g Man tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a boy growing up in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century, as he gradually decides to cast off all his social, familial, and religious constraints to live a life devoted to the art of writing. Right at the beginning of the novel is the epigraphy Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes. This loosely translates into â€Å"he sent his soul into unknown arts.† This epigraphy is the bases of the novel; how Stephen explores is bodyRead More A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus - Rebel Without a Cause? His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her grave-clothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable Throughout A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is persistently portrayed as the outsider, apart from the society he andRead MoreJane Eyre And A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1473 Words   |  6 Pages The novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà «, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce, both exemplify the bildungsroman style, showing the growth of the characters over the course of each book. As bildungsroman novels, both texts share elements common to the genre, such as focusing primarily on character thoughts and reactions. They also share traits like periods of character development being tied to a particular place. However, they differ in other areas like narration styleRead MoreHead of a Young Man Later Roman Portrait1043 Words   |  4 PagesThis portrait is from the fifth century, estimated sometime from 400-420 AD. Originally from Syria, Asia by an unknown artist, it currently is held at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and cr edited to The Putnam Dana McMillan Fund. The elements within this portrait all are noteworthy in the sculpture contributing toward the creation of this artwork. This piece with will be analyzed first from a general overview and then the features moving from the top then moving to the base of the portrait. Due

Prescription Drug Abuse Is Increasing At A High Rate Essay

Intro: Why is it that prescription drug abuse is increasing at a high rate? The answer to this question can be somewhat complex. There are multiple reasons as to why this is happening, but the reasons all come together and create a laddering effect. Prescription drug abuse is currently at an all-time high because prescription drugs are so easy for a person to obtain. The chain reaction starts at the doctor over-prescribing medications then continues to consumers becoming what I would call drug dealers and ending with and addict or in more often than not death. Background: The U.S Food and Drug Adminsteratioin also known as the FDA founded in June of 1906..The FDA is in charge of many things such as food, cosmetics, tobacco and prescription medications. Their main goal is to ensure to the best of their ability public health. There have been many laws that have been passed against controlled substances but because there have been so many it has been hard to keep track of them all. In 1970 president Nixon passed a The controlled Substance Act. This act put a schedule on drugs that based on abuse. Scheduale 1 drugs are considered to be the most harmful; and have no medical use in this category is marijuana Argument: On February 2th 2016 a â€Å"California doctor was convicted of murder in connection with the overdose deaths of three of her patients was sentenced to 30 years to life in prison.† She was prescribing harmful drugs to these patients without any evidence that theShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfor pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a cripplingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse1298 Words   |  5 Pagessick. Prescription drugs are being taken for reasons othe r than the ones they are being prescribed for, fueling an addiction that impacts as many as 48 million Americans (Prescription Drug Abuse WebMD). According to MedLinePlus, an estimated 20 percent of people in the United States have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons. This is prescription drug abuse. While a considerable amount of time, resources, and attention are focused on the problems associated with illicit drugs, prescriptionRead MoreEconomic Impacts Of Drug Abuse1013 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Impacts of Drug Abuse in the United States Drug abuse is a major public health issue that impacts society both directly and indirectly; every person, every community is somehow affected by drug abuse and addiction and this economic burden is not exclusive to those who use substance, it inevitably impacts those who don t. Drugs impact our society in various ways including but not limited to lost earnings, health care expenditures, costs associated with crime, accidents, and deaths. The useRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Paper1740 Words   |  7 PagesBoubelik Engl 102 MWF 3:00pm Yuan Ding 26 March 2012 Abuse of Prescription Drugs in the U.S. Prescription drugs are the number-one drug problem that we face today, says David Rotenberg, executive director of the adolescent treatment center at the nonprofit Caron Foundation.  They are more widely prescribed, more widely available, and more widely abused by adolescents than they have ever been before.(DiConsiglio, 1) Abuse of prescription drugs is one of the fastest growing problems for young adultsRead MoreOpioids And Its Effects On Society1722 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"nation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic properties, opioids are seen to be the most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Although these narcotics are legallyRead MoreHeroin Abuse : A Growing Concern1484 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin abuse is a growing concern in the United States, particularly in young adults. Heroin, produced from morphine, is a highly addictive and fast acting opiate. Opiates are used for treating pain, and are derived from opium, which comes from the poppy plant. They provide people with a sense of intense euphoria, which is partly why they are so addictive. Because heroin is so addictive, especially in comparison to other drugs, it leads to many deaths due to overdoses. This topic is increasinglyRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they canRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1628 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Informatics Quality Improvement Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents Have you ever heard these words –hillbilly H, a-minus, red birds, Vitamin R, and roses? There is no question that we have heard some of these words. Yet, what is unexpected is they are all code words used by teens for prescription drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2016). Prescription drug abuse among teens has rapidly increased, and has become a public health concern. (Milner, Ham, Zamboanga, 2014.) WithRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Is A Serious Problem1547 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper Prescription drug abuse is a serious problem in today’s society. Prescription drug abuse is taking medicine prescribed for someone else, for another purpose, a larger dose than prescribed, in a different way than one is specifically prescribed. (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 1). This includes using a prescription to get high by crushing, snorting, or injecting them (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 4 and 5). By using these methods to put them into the body, it gives a stronger high than by justRead MoreThe s Fastest Growing Drug Problem1750 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"ation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic pr operties, opioids are seen to be the most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Historically, although these narcotics

Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Sharon will undergo automated peritoneal diagnosis at home. It involves removing waste and excess fluid by using peritoneal membrane as a filter for the exchange of fluid and dissolved substances like urea, glucose, electrolytes, etc. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) takes shorter dwell time at night with one eight hour dwell time during and it promotes patient independence. Two priorities of care for Sharon includes. Reducing risk for infection: Sharon is at risk of contamination of catheter during insertion of bags and peritonitis. To minimize infection, nurses should be alert for signs of infection like cloudy drainage or elevated temperature. Cloudy drainage is an indication of peritoneal disease. It is necessary to maintain aseptic techniques such as wearing a mask during insertion of catheter and dressing changes. It will prevent entry of organism and avoid airborne contamination (Ma, 2016). Reduce pain in a patient: Peritoneal dialysis is associated with insertion of a catheter through the abdominal wall. It may cause pain and restlessness in the patient. The nurse should investigate the intensity and location of pain to determine appropriate intervention. Sharon should be made aware that her initial pain will subside after little exchange (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010).Focus should be on preventing air from entering peritoneal cavity during infusion because it air entry irritates the diaphragm and leads to acute pain. The dialysate should be warmed to body temperature because cold dialysate causes vasoconstriction which causes discomfort and lowers the body temperature of the patient. To relieve pain and discomfort, an appropriate analgesic will be given to the patient (Hedayati, 2013). To ensure optimal health of Sharon, three types of nursing intervention in the community include Predialysis care: Community nurse will check the vital signs of Sharon such as body temperature, orthostatic blood pressure while lying, standing and sitting., respiration rate, and lung sounds. It will help in estimating fluid volume status and Sharon's level of tolerance for the procedure. It is important because the poor respiratory function will affect Sharon's ability to tolerate peritoneal dialysis and temperature check will prevent infection (O'Shaughnessy, 2014). Intradialysis care: Peritonitis is a common complication associated with peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should strictly follow aseptic technique to reduce the risk of peritonitis. They should add prescribed medication to the dialysate so that it flows freely into the abdominal cavity. Dialysate should remain in the abdomen for prescribed dwell time to maintain the exchange of solute and water between blood and dialysate. Signs of respiratory distress in a patient should be observed carefully. After dwell time, dialysate should be checked for clarity, color and odor to determine signs of infection or organ perforation (Yu et al., 2016). Post-dialysis care: All the vital signs of Sharon should be monitored again to determine the beneficial or adverse effects of the dialysis procedure. The timing of meal should be adjusted according to dialysis outflow. Sharon should be given meal when the abdomen is free from the dialysate. It enhances food intake and reduces nausea. The patient and their family should be informed about the procedure so that they can handle it themselves at home (Nadeau-Fredette et al., 2015). Three psychosocial issues in patient are: Depression: Dialysis has the serious impact on quality of life, social and economic well-being of the patient. Such patients suffer from depression, fear, anxiety, and irritation. Nurses should support such patients and get them involved in the process from the beginning. Once they are aware of ways to manage the procedure, their emotion distress will also reduce (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010). Trouble in adjusting to dialysis procedure: Dialysis is a mentally disturbing procedure for individual undergoing it for the first time. First, they have to deal with the creation of arterio-venous fistula in the arm which is painful. Then going for multiple rounds of dialysis in a week has to affect their work life. It leads to a prolonged period of frustration. It leads to an outburst of anger sometimes on family members and sometimes on nurses. Nurses should give them knowledge about the disease and procedure to remove any confusion. They should be encouraged to express their feeling verbally so that they problem can be addressed and they can adjust to managing the procedure (Farrell DEMPSEY, 2010). Affect on patients self-esteem- Patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis cannot actively participate in sport and other social activities. This has a significant impact on their autonomy and self-esteem. It also has an impact on adherence to treatment options. The nurse should strengthen their belief system and make them believe that their illness is under control. Family support is also necessary to manage their medication and diet and motivate them to respond to treatment (Wang et al., 2014). People who have diabetes are at major risk of developing kidney failure. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood sugar level due to the inability of the body to make enough insulin. Insulin hormone regulates the amount of sugar in the blood, and insufficient production of insulin leads to high blood sugar level. The high amount of glucose in the blood damages the millions of tiny filtering units within the kidney. The kidney cannot purify blood properly. It leads to more water and salt retention in the body causing ankle swelling and weight gain. Protein is also found in the urine. Thus diabetes may lead to renal failure. Around 30% of people with diabetes develop kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy. A diabetic person is more susceptible to nephropathy if they cannot control their sugar levels (Reidy et al., 2014). Three medicines that Sharon is taking are Ramipril, Actrapid pen 100 units/ml, Captopril. The purpose of Ramipril- It is an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure or congestive heart failure. Sharon is taking this drug because she has a history of high blood pressure. High blood pressure is mostly seen in people with diabetes. The combination of hypertension and diabetes can be lethal for Sharon and may increase risk of heart attack (SHARMA, 2016). So Ramipril is essential for Sharon. The purpose of Captopril- It is also an ACE inhibitor drug used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and kidney problem caused by diabetes. Since Sharon suffers from renal failure, this drug is relevant for her to protect her kidneys. Captopril relaxes the blood vessels and allows the blood to flow smoothly (Prado et al., 2015). The purpose of Erythropoietin 60 units per week- It is given to Sharon because hse has renal failure and she has to undergo dialysis every week. She also had a right arm Arterio-Venous Fistula created for hemodialysis purpose. Erythropoietin is a growth factor that stimulates the production of red cells. It is necessary for Sharon because she has a chance of developing anemia due to renal failure. It is a better alternative for her than blood transfusions (Hrbrand et al., 2014). Reference Farrell, M. Dempsey, J. (2010).The Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd ed.). Hedayati, S. S. (2013). Improving symptoms of pain, erectile dysfunction, and depression in patients on dialysis.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,8(1), 5-7. Hrbrand, F., Rottenkolber, D., Fischaleck, J., Hasford, J. (2014). Erythropoietin-induced treatment costs in patients suffering from renal anemiaa comparison between biosimilar and originator drugs.Das Gesundheitswesen,76(11), e79-e84. Ma, T. K. W., Chow, K. M., Kwan, B. C. H., Pang, W. F., Leung, C. B., Li, P. K. T., Szeto, C. C. (2016). Peritonitis before Peritoneal Dialysis Training: Analysis of Causative Organisms, Clinical Outcomes, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Consequences.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, CJN-00830116. Nadeau-Fredette, A. C., Chan, C. T., Cho, Y., Hawley, C. M., Pascoe, E. M., Clayton, P. A., ... Johnson, D. W. (2015). Outcomes of integrated home dialysis care: a multi-centre, multi-national registry study.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,30(11), 1897-1904. O'Shaughnessy, M. (2014). Application of Dorothea Orem's theory of self-care to the elderly patient on peritoneal dialysis.Nephrology Nursing Journal,41(5), 495. Prado, M. A., Francisco, P., El Beck, M., Barros, M. (2015). Pharmacological Profile of Elderly Diabetics in Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil.International Journal of Epidemiology,44(suppl 1), i93-i94. Reidy, K., Kang, H. M., Hostetter, T., Susztak, K. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease.The Journal of clinical investigation,124(6), 2333-2340. SHARMA, D. S. (2016). Drugs Used for the Cure of High Blood Pressure(Review).International Journal of Scientific Research,4(8). Wang, T. J., Lin, M. Y., Liang, S. Y., Wu, S. F. V., Tung, H. H., Tsay, S. L. (2014). Factors influencing peritoneal dialysis patients' psychosocial adjustment.Journal of clinical nursing,23(1-2), 82-90. Yu, Z. L., Seow, Y. Y., Seow, P. S., Tan, B. L. K. (2016). Effectiveness of a day care program in supporting patients on peritoneal dialysis and their caregivers.International urology and nephrology,48(5), 799-805.

Schools of economic thought

Economic schools of thought can be defined as the systems of beliefs that some of the historical economists held about economics. The different schools of thought or rather doctrines differ in their methodologies and assumptions that are made to describe a certain economic phenomena.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Schools of economic thought specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the major economic schools of thought include; Keynesian, Marxist, Neoclassical, Austrian, institutional economics and open economy macroeconomics just to mention but a few (Spiegel, 1991, p.102). It is essential that these schools of thought are put into consideration for the better understanding of economics. Karl Marx together with Friedrich Engels developed the Marxist economic thought where they concluded that economic doctrine is based on the fact that the people in the society undergo societal developmental stages. These sta ges include; crude communism, slavery, feudalism and capitalism then finally communism with each stage leading to the next (Spiegel, 1991, p.123). On the other hand the Keynesian school of thought explains economics in terms of integrating demand and supply to influence the decision makers who can be individuals or the government. The neoclassical school of thought is similar to the Keynesian doctrine with it having its focus on price, income and output determination. As a matter of fact, it emphasizes on maximising utility such that profit is obtained. Of all the schools of thought, the neoclassical school of thought has had the most influence in my way of thinking. The neoclassical school of thought is said to have evolved from the classical doctrines. A close look at this school of thought it is depicted that it concentrates on how the rationality of an individual is affected by demand and supply together with their utility maximisation while neglecting the strong types of uncert ainty. This theory led to the generation of many mathematical equations to express economic terms (Strober, 2010, p.1). Due to the fact that neoclassical school of thought deals with allocation of resources as its major focus point, it has had a great influence in my way of thinking since allocation of resources is an important obligation for an individual as well as a nation. This is because it is necessary that one knows which factor to allocate what amount of resources. Failure to do that leads to misappropriation or even lack of fulfilment of the obligations. The concept of free market is also rampant among neoclassical economists who believe that the free markets are what lead to the effective allocation of resources.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, neoclassical school of thought has led me into thinking big since it presents the economists with a choi ce to make between equity and effectiveness especially when allocating resources. In real sense it presents the economists with a moral dilemma. This way, one is indulged into critical thinking which broadens the mind hence applicable in other non-economic issues as well. Studying this unit has led to a great transformation in my view of the application of economics in the social world (Strober, 2010, p.1). Despite neoclassical school of thought being the superior and most prevailing economic theory it is recognised for its normative and moral dimensions when taught in education facilities. In my case it has socialisation since moral principles are important for socialisation to be effective. However, the neoclassical school of thought has been criticised for having much bias as well as not having actual descriptions of economic situations but instead dealing with unreal situations. All the same, the fundamentals it holds are what are important in the development of the minds of eco nomics and the non-economics. Reference List Spiegel, H. (1991). The Growth of Economic Thought. Durham London: Duke University Press. Strober, M. (2010). Is Teaching Neoclassical Economics as the Science of Economics Moral? Web. This assessment on Schools of economic thought was written and submitted by user Joaquin Black to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Behind Cisneross Mind and Experience Professor Ramos Blog

Behind Cisneross Mind and Experience Photo Credit: https://www.sandracisneros.com/events Sandra Cisneros is widely known in American literature for the poems, stories, and novels she writes. Those stories reflect on the themes of love, religion, feminism, family, hardships, and the livelihood of the characters she creates and introduces in her stories. Actually, the themes Sandra Cisneros implements in her literary works of art not just reflected upon just that. The specific themes that are reflected upon are her life growing up with a hollow family; the hardships she faced as the only daughter in her family and as a Latina in the outside world; her deep experience in searching for the passion and wisdom that inspired her to wrote; her experiences as a teacher; the many authors and artists that inspired her to write her novels and stories; and the many literary works, such as The House on Mango Street, that have received critical acclaims for her work. Sandra Cisneros is the embodiment of telenovelas in her literary works because of the hardships she had dealt with in h er family, at school, and throughout her livelihood. One of the factors that became an inspiration for Sandra Cisneros’s literary work was from the experience she had with her family. Cisneros tries to get along with the family especially with the hardships she had faced within the family regarding her relationship with her parents; Cisneros being the only daughter and living with six brothers; and moving back and forth from one place to another. One of the factors regarding family, was Cisneros’s relationship with her parents. On her mother’s side, it seemed like the connection between her and her mother was good. Everyday, Cisnero’s mother would tell her â€Å"good luck†, but in a form of a malapropism by saying â€Å"Good lucky!† (Gonzlez 3). Moreover, the relationship between Cisneros and her father was nothing but â€Å"a complicated relationship† (Gonzlez 3). But regardless of the roughness in the family bond between her and her father, Cisneros still loves him no matter what happ ens. Another contributing part to Cisneros’s literary theme of family was the fact that her family has not been open to her. In an interview with Cisneros, she stated, â€Å" Most times, family are the least reluctant to tell me anything, and that’s why I have to invent so much when it comes to family’s stories† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros† 1). Evidently, her statement to what inspired the family theme in her stories is because of the fact that she stays close to family even if they don’t tell her much things about their lives. This is further stated in that same interview when she said, â€Å"But maybe it’s just my family that doesn’t talk about their inner life to me. Especially after I became a writer† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros† 1). Regarding to Cisneros’s travels between Chicago and Mexico, it was a stretch for her since â€Å"she would move between Mexico City and Chicago† (Mathias 1). That being said, her sense of having a permanent home is lost when it came to her being the only daughter; â€Å"not having sisters or friends† (Mathias 1) because of her travels; and her family not being open enough to even engage in a conversation. Another theme that is implemented in Cisneros’s livelihood and in her stories is the sense of having a permanent home without any problems. The theme of home has been one of the central themes in her literary works â€Å"usually in the form of clever aphorisms† (Gonzlez 2). In one of her literary works, The Little House, she wrote that the house in that work of literature was â€Å"permanent and stable† (Mathias 1) house because â€Å"it was one house for one family† (Mathias 1). From that metaphor of a stable house, she considered as â€Å"her dream house† (Mathias 1) because of the integrity of her family relating to how stable her dream house is. That theme also applied to her â€Å"as a metaphor to other developments in her life† (Gonzlez 2). In other words, the events and other experiences the Cisneros had gone through were developing as the foundation for her idea of home. Simply put, she is the home. Looking at the idea of what her dr eam house should look like and the experiences she had gone through, it was as if the foundation of her house was firm, but a little bit critical. As mentioned earlier, the fact that she was the only daughter and that she did not have much friends due to her family travels got her into â€Å"reading and burying herself in books† (Mathias 1). From that point on, her interests in reading got her into writing poetry and later becoming a literary magazine editor in high school (Mathias 1). From being the poet and high school magazine editor she is, her passion for reading and writing later grew during her college years. After that, she became a teacher educating students that dropped out of high school in Chicago neighborhoods. From her experience as a teacher, two things had happened: she learned and understood â€Å"the problems of young Latinas† (Mathias 1) and that she didn’t want to be a teacher because she didn’t have enough confidence and that the teac hing job took up her writing time (Gonzlez 3). But from that teaching experiences, it brought Cisneros to a point where she understood herself and improved her skills in writing after growing out of the holes of where she had a â€Å"lack of knowledge† (Gonzlez 3) and â€Å"immaturity at the time of her writing† (Gonzlez 3). Furthermore, Cisneros better understood the concepts of the love, family, feminism, religion, and the many that she implemented in her stories. As mentioned earlier, Cisneros’s family does not tell her much which leads to the point where she comes up with characters for her stories. Those characters are actually people she â€Å"has encountered in her lifetime† (Mathias 1). The stories she writes focus on the topic she had a better understanding of which are the ones that she considers as important: feminism, love, oppression, and religion (Mathias 1). On the theme of feminism, she has that theme deeply rooted in her literary works because of the fact that she had been the only daughter living with six brothers. Moreover, she got a better sense of it when she heard about the many problems the Latinas had in her classes during her years of teaching. In an Interview with Cisneros, she made two important notes on how much hardships women go through. She pointed out that women face hardships â€Å"because the world is so patriarchal† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros 1) and that women are â€Å"contro lled by the Church, State, and consumerism† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros 2). Cisneros further stated in the same interview that women weren’t â€Å"allowed information about their own bodies, control of their fertility, church and state dictating choices that belong to women themselves† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros† 2). From her words, Cisneros states that women are restrained by society to what they can only see, hear, and understand. Everything else is off their limits and cannot be absorbed for their knowledge. That being said, Cisneros later pointed out that these excessive limitations among women are what drove its constituents to two pathways: one where women â€Å"equate ‘Girls Gone Wild’† to liberation† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros† 2) and another path where women â€Å"don’t but the Paris Hilton model† (â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros† 2). Cisneros brings up tho se two sides because she came across women who don’t have the full idea of feminism and women who are intelligent and independent beings. Another notable theme that is also focused on Cisneros’s literature is the theme of love and hardships between a man and woman. A definitive example of this theme is â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† talks about the story of a loving relationship that turned abusive between a man, Juan Pedro, and a woman, Cleà ³filas. As the relationship is strained between the two due to their responsibility for their child and the man’s acts of abuse on the woman, Cleà ³filas dealt with her husband’s abuse by seeing it as a joyful act that can be happily cried over. She thought of this abusiveness as a good thing because she thought that â€Å"to suffer for love is good† (Cisneros 45). In a sense, Cleà ³filas is like a sponge absorbing the pain coming from her husband’s wrongdoing. Another pointer in this relationship was when Cleà ³filas was slapped around by Juan Pedro many times. Her response to that physical abuse was that â€Å"she didn’t fight back, she didn’t break into tears, she didn’t run away as she imagined she might when she saw such things in the telenovelas† (Cisneros 47). From this story, Cisneros correlated â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† to the hardships some women face in relationships and to the time she mentioned that women face times where they’re restricted by society and the patriarchy. Photo Credit: https://news.avclub.com/weekend-box-office-dont-cry-for-me-la-llorona-1834220769 From the hardships and many experiences Sandra Cisneros had dealt with throughout her life, she was able to come up with themes based on her experiences with her family, education, and knowledge, she is acclaimed as one of the top American literature figures and writers in this country. These stories varied from themes relating to family, feminism, love, and hardships. Out of the work she had done and praise Cisneros had received, it came to a point where her literary works are taught in schools and colleges across the United States. From Cisneros, she sees this as a form of showing her experiences to readers who take in what she had gone through by reading stories about characters that define the themes that Cisneros writes into her literary works of art. Annotated Bibliography Cisneros, Sandra. Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories. Vintage Books, 2002. The literary works of Sandra Cisneros defines the themes of feminism, the patriarchy’s control over women, her culture, family, love, home, and much more through the stories she had written. She conveys stories, such as â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†, as a way of inspiring her readers of her thoughts about feminism and how women are affected in relationships and in the outside world. â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† is mentioned in this analysis to talk about the the topic of hardships that women face in abuse relationships. Sandra Cisneros is a renowned author for literary works like â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†, â€Å"Eleven†, and many other literary works. Gonzlez, Rigoberto. â€Å"Sandra Cisneros Opens up about Her Life in A House of My Own.† Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 1 Oct. 2015, www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-1004- sandra-cisneros-20151004-story.html. The article talks about the experiences Sandra Cisneros had gone through which was the inspiration that led her to coming with literary works of art. She goes into detail by talking about her life with family; acting as a teacher for high school dropouts; becoming a writer with a clear understanding of what it means to have a stable life; and the hardships she and many women go through in society. This article will be used to discuss Cisneros’s family life, her years as a bookworm in school and a writer in college; and how she better understood herself. Rigoberto Gonzlez is a writer and critic for the Los Angeles Times. He is also an English professor at the State University of New Jersey. Mathias, Kelly. â€Å"Sandra Cisneros.† Sandra Cisneros, web.mit.edu/21f.714/ www/hispanos/ cisneros.html. This summary of Sandra Cisneros sums up her metaphor of an ideal of home relating to her livelihood; her life as a child dealing with her family’s constant travels; and the inspiration behind her literary works, such as â€Å"The House on Mango Street†. From this, Cisneros has received many praises and acclaims for her works because of how much her books share an inspiration to many readers. This summary is used to discuss Cisneros’s childhood and the hardships she had faced. Kelly Mathias was a student at the University of Minnesota. She wrote this paper as part of her coursework for one the English courses she took during her college years there. â€Å"Interview with Sandra Cisneros.† Chicago Public Library, www.chipublib.org/interview-with- sandra-cisneros/. With the release of â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, Cisneros answered some questions during an interview regarding her life as the only daughter in the family going through life and her understanding of what women go through as society tightens their grip on them. Cisneros also discusses how she better understands the themes involved in her literary works. This interview is used in this literary analysis to further the integrity of the notions of the themes Cisneros brought up in her literature. The Chicago Public Library contains excerpts and biographies regarding various authors of literary works which are also seen at the start or end of the same piece of literature.

Performing arts business management marketing in Asia Essay

Performing arts business management marketing in Asia - Essay Example In the light of these changes, it is interesting to explore how the performing arts manage to survive and continue to provide an offering that has meaning to the customers. The current paper studied the organizational, structural and marketing aspects of orchestra organizations in the United States and Taiwan. A comparative analysis on the case studies developed for six orchestras, the New York Philharmonic, The Chicago Orchestra, The Cleveland Orchestra, and the Philadelphia Orchestra in the US and National Symphony Orchestra and The National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra in Taiwan was undertaken. The findings revealed important difference in the ownership and marketing of the orchestras in the United States and in Taiwan. It was also found that the level of audience development in the United States was high as compared to that of Taiwan, where orchestra performances and other performing arts were not considered as an attractive option to popular music and sports. The paper provided use ful insights, like the need to provide more flexibility to the operational and functional aspects of orchestra, the need to involve people with musical and marketing backgrounds in the management and administrative functions instead of putting bureaucrats at the helm, and the need to focus on the market and customer preferences as opposed to forging ahead with a pre-pared program agenda. Performing arts include music, dance, theater and other forms of life arts that are staged in front of an audience.1 These arts provide not only entertainment to the audience, but at times act as settings for social interactions or as promoting cultural education.2 In some cases, it has been found that people relate their self-identity and self-esteem with the type of performing arts that they patronize.3 There is a wide range of experiences that the audience may drive from the Performing Arts. These may include, in addition to the creating a social experience for those who

Using evolutionary psychology to develop your own prediction about Essay

Using evolutionary psychology to develop your own prediction about communication - Essay Example He believed that laughter could be a sign of genetic fitness that attracts the opposite sex. What is not yet fully known is why men, in particular, are attracted to women’s laughter. The question is: Why can laughter make a woman attractive to men? The false alarm theory and sexual selection theory can be both used to explain why women’s laughter attract men. The false alarm theory states that people laugh to show that any possible anomaly or threat in the environment is not present (i.e. the initially thought of as an anomaly is a false alarm) (Ramachandran, 1998, p.352). It explains that laughter assures others that harm is not present in the environment, which also partially explains why laughter is done more when people are around than when alone (Provine, 1996). In connection to laughter, false alarm theory suggests that women laugh to signal that they are not in danger. They laugh when they are with men because they want to make sure that resources are saved by not sending an incorrect alarm signal. The second theory is sexual selection theory that states that laughter is attractive because it is a sign of fitness. My hypothesis is that women laugh to signal that they are not in harm’s way. This means that laughter reduces risks or perceptions of harm to men. At the same time, women laugh to show that they can take care of their children well because laughter is related to genetic fitness (Bressler & Balshine, 2006). Men are attracted to women who laugh because of lower threats in the environment and perception of women’s genetic fitness. My prediction is that men like women who laugh because the latter’s laughter signal lack of danger and ability to protect their offspring. Women’s ability to expel noise through laughter, is an indicator that they are good sexual mates because they are good mothers. In other words, when women laugh, they look sexier because laughter is connected to their ability to take care of their offspring

Human Resource Management in Practice. Explanation of human`s skills Assignment

Human Resource Management in Practice. Explanation of human`s skills - Assignment Example Business competencies involve understanding the needs of the business and proposing logical solution to the issues. It also involves business knowledge, efficiency in planning and execution as well as promotion of strategic thought process. In addition to this a development of practitioners also implies that interpersonal traits like the ability to generate confidence and trust, ability to influence the stakeholders, enhancing workforce diversity and proper networking between the stakeholders. Finally a practitioner must also display personal skills including adaptability and the ability to handle disputes and conflicts emerging in the activities among the individuals as well as grooming of the personality and development of individuals. Finally, sound technical skills and domain knowledge along with excellent intellectual abilities is a key towards developing the best practitioners so as to ensure organizational excellence (Erasmus, Loedolf & Hammann, 2010, p.27). The seminar and th e analysis of the topic helped in understanding the importance of time management and interpersonal skills that must be acquired for being an excellent practitioner. The importance of proper planning and execution was also understood as it is largely an essential trait towards development of the career as a practitioner. Communications and meeting skills Leadership is one of the most essential aspects for a successful organization. A successful business leader must essentially have excellent communication abilities as well as empathy in his/her behaviour. A leader must be able to effectively communicate in a manner so that the messages are effectively communicated and clearly understood by the employees and other individuals. A charismatic approach and a good persuasive power is one of the key aspects of communications that must be present in a good leader leading a business (Cohn & Moran, 2011, pp.1-3). Certain other aspects of good communication and meeting skills also include an ability to use effective language that induces individuals to listen actively to the communication. In a meeting the communication skills of the manager must be such that tends to capture the attention of the audience. Use of poor language should be avoided at all costs as it is totally unethical and improper to hurt any person’s sentiments. It is also necessary for a manager to have good ability to provide concrete feedbacks; in this context effective leaders also do not devote their entire time in a meeting speaking and relaying his/her own views and thoughts. An effective leader or a good manager always tries to be accommodative and also listens to what is being said and spoken from the other end. Patience is one key aspect that must be followed by a leader in a course of a formal meeting or interaction. These traits along with a proper vision and time management are the key drivers that can help generate effective business leaders (Bacal, 2004, p.140-146). The seminar hel ped in the learning process by helping analyse the importance communication in an effective leader. Real life role plays also gave a practical understanding of the aspect. The exercise

Internet Marketing :: BTEC Business Management Marketing GCSE

Internet Marketing Being a writer isn’t a complicated task, but being a messageful writer requires lot of experience and inner self-presentation. James Baldwin was a very great writer. He expresses his inner feeling into his writing, which makes him true writer. When ever he wrote something always contain some kind of message. Most of his writing about African American culture where he raised. His writing tells the story of pain. He painted cruel history of black community into his writing. His writing contains lot of pain and anger, which could only describe by his writing. He was a one of the leader who speeches his nation by his writing. After reading his piece of art, which was presented via short stories and many books, I have come to perceive James Baldwin as a legendary writer. Through his short stories, Baldwin expresses the truth about his life. It seems that most of Baldwin's life was spent during times of extreme racism and he was strongly discriminated against due to his racial and ethnic background. Some of his stories were written in the middle of 19th century, a time when American citizens were distinguished by their color. It was a time when black and white people had their own separate worlds in which they were living. It was very hard to break the narrow-minded ways of many racist people. In other words, there was a self-created border between both races. In his stories, "Previous Condition" and "Sonny's Blues," Baldwin has developed characters to fight against racism in attempts to live their lives as they please. In "Previous Condition," the character named Peter, had a very difficult life. For example, throughout his childhood, Peter was often called a "Niger" by white children. At that time, Peter was too young to understand the meaning of that word. After understanding what people meant when they called him "Niger," he began to hate his life. Peter no longer wanted to live in the neighborhood in which he belonged to. Peter wanted to change his entire lifestyle. He didn't want to just "struggle and survive." Peter didn't want to be average, he wanted to succeed. Finally, in pursuit of his dreams, Peter decided to sneak out of his neighborhood with the help of a white friend. This turned out to be an awful mistake that Peter would regret for as long as he lived.

The fashion industry should not feel obligated

The fashion industry should not feel obligated to use plus sized models in their campaigns. Do you agree? BY sashays The fashion industry should not feel obligated to use plus sized models in their Women these days are constantly bombarded with advertisements and campaigns telling them what they should wear, what they should eat and how they should portray themselves. It has become a race to try and achieve a size zero look because women feel as if it has become the new norm. That is why, I believe the fashion industry should be obliged to use plus size model. A plus size model is a model who is a US size 8 or above.Even though these models are described in the â€Å"plus† category, making them appear to be an outcast, what is ironic is that the majority of women will fit into this category. Therefore, I agree that fashion industry should be obligated to use plus size models. There are three reasons why: firstly, to stop increasing the social pressure on first world women to h ave the ideal body image; secondly; prevent psychological effect on women in trying to maintain an ideal body image; thirdly, the potential increase in business. To begin with, the expectation for women to mirror the body image of a model has come omnipresent.You find them in fashion magazines, TV shows, fitness programs and even Barbie Dolls. Women, especially teenagers look at these icons as role models and have been manipulated by society into thinking they must look a certain way and weight a certain amount to fit in. It is the fashion industries to blame for this, because by using impossibly thin models in almost every campaign it is putting pressure on women to look perfect. However, women cannot attain these perfect bodies because not only have the images been altered but are unnatural and simply unachievable.Due to this, women now days are lacking confidence as they feel self-conscious about their body. In a recent survey done by the National Institute on Media and the Famil y in Washington, it was found that 40% of girls from ages 9-10 are dissatisfied with their weight. This suggests that the distressing and impairing body image concern seems to be becoming more prevalent at a younger and younger age. Furthermore, according to CDC, 20% of the teenage girls' suicide cases in USA are due to bullying about someone's weight. This clearly highlights the negative effect y Just using skinny models is having.The society has become superficial as it measures beauty in size. It is crucial that fashion industries are forced to use plus size model in order to change society's view of beauty. It is not right to put pressure on women to distort their healthy bodies too feel accepted. In addition, not having plus sized models in campaigns causes women to suffer from harmful effects as they try to replicate images of a zero size model. In a recent survey, it was found there are up to seventy million individuals worldwide who have an eating disorder, and of hem 90% ar e women between the ages of twelve and twenty-five (US Mental Health Administration).Some women have become so desperate to lose weight that they turned to starvation developing bulimia and anorexia. However, it is not the skinny models to blame for this, because they also suffer from these conditions. Even models feel pressurized to stay skinny and many models starve for days before a runway until they can barely keep their eyes open. Kristin Clement, former Vogue editor revealed that some models had turned to dangerous methods such as eating tissue. Yes, tissues. Models eat this dehydrated, bleached paper in order to become â€Å"Paris thin†.If this is not stopped it will not be long until all women struggling with weight loss will try this to. Have we become this inhuman that being skinny is more important than life? Hence, I believe it is vital for fashion industries to use plus size models to promote more healthy living and prevent unnecessary deaths. Finally, by using p lus sized models there would be an increase in business. The average plus size model ranges from size 8-14, they are not fat, they are healthy. A study done Warwick Business found that adverts and campaigns which predominantly feature skinny models are more likely to discourage sales.H have currently begun using plus size models for their swim suit campaigns. CEO Karl – John Person said he feels â€Å"irresponsible with the type of female body image being portrayed† and now is committed to market and encourage diverse body types. This has begun to influence many more women to feel confident about their body. According to the Business Insider, those who are labeled as plus size account for 67% of the apparel arching population, bringing in retail revenue of nearly $16 billion Just in US every year.This indicates clothes for plus sizes have become very important in the market. Furthermore, many stores have begun using plus size mannequins. By displaying larger mannequins , not only do women see how the clothes would fit their shape but they would also feel more confident due to the increase in publication of the plus size within the fashion industry. Hence are likely to purchase more. Therefore, I believe there fashion industries should use plus size models because here are many positive outcomes.However, some people may argue that many people are naturally really thin, but only 5% (SCUD) of the women have the skinny model body, the majority of the other 95% will resort to unhealthy living conditions. You may also argue that it's a models Job to look extremely skinny, however would you let your daughters risk their well-being for a moment of fame? Does that really make it okay? Even though plus size models have made a massive stride in obtaining respect in a business that demands skinny; resulting in more full figured women to race the high fashion magazine covers and to walk the main stream fashion shows.The portrayal that thinner is better is stil l deeply engraved in society. This is putting pressure on women to be someone they are not and resulting in harsh life threatening disease such as anorexia. There are countless advantages on having plus size models in the industries from benefits in business to benefits in well-being. Therefore, we need to do something to change the craving for the unrealistic body image. Plus size models do not promote obesity, they reflect reality.

Pronouncing the Difficult Consonants of Spanish

While many of the Spanish consonants have sounds that are similar to those in English, many are distinctly different and have become the bane of many a Spanish student. Persons learning Spanish who see a familiar letter are tempted to give it the pronunciation they already know—but more often than not that wont get it exactly right. Even though Spanish is highly phonetic, some letters have more than one pronunciation, and still others are simply different than what might be expected. Consonants With More Than One Sound C, at least in most of Latin America, is pronounced like the c in cereal when it comes before an e or an i, and like the c in car when it is other positions. Examples: complacer, hacer, à ¡cido, carro, acabar, crimen. Note: Although you will be understood if you use the Latin American pronunciation, in parts of Spain the c sounds like the th in thin when it comes before an e or i. Learn more details in the lesson on pronouncing the C. D generally is pronounced somewhat like the d in diet, although often the tongue touches the bottom of the teeth instead of the top. But when d comes between vowels, it has a much softer sound, kind of like the th in that. Examples: derecho, helado, diablo. See our lesson on pronouncing the  D for more details. G is pronounced much like the English g in go, although softer, except when it precedes an i or e. In those cases, it is pronounced like the Spanish j. Examples: gordo, gritar, gigante, mà ¡gico. See the lesson on pronouncing the  G. N usually has the sound of the n in nice. If it is followed by a b, v, f or p, it has the sound of m in empathy. Examples: no, en, en vez de, andar. Learn more in our lesson on the  N. X varies in sound, depending on the origin of the word. It is often pronounced like the x in example or exit, but it also may be pronounced like the s or the Spanish j. In words of Mayan origin it can even have the English sh sound. Examples: à ©xito, experiencia, Mà ©xico, Xela. See also our explanation of the Spanish  X. Consonants That Markedly Differ from English B and V are pronounced exactly the same. In fact, one of the few spelling problems that many Spanish speakers have is with these two letters, because they dont distinguish them at all from their sound. Generally, the b and v are pronounced like the b in beach. When either of the letters is between two vowels, the sound is formed kind of like the English v, except that the sound is made by touching the lips together instead of the upper teeth and lower lip. See our lesson on pronouncing the B and V for more details and a brief audio lesson. H is always silent. Examples: hermano, hacer, deshacer. See also the lesson on the silent H. J (and the g when before an e or i) can be difficult, as its sound, that of the German ch, is absent in English except for a few foreign words where it is sometimes retained, as in the final sound of loch or the initial sound of Channukah. The sound is sometimes described as a heavily aspirated h, made by expelling air between the back of the tongue and the soft palate. If you cant pronounce it well, youll be understood by using the h sound of house, but its worthwhile to work on the correct pronunciation. Examples: garaje, juego, jardà ­n. See the lesson on pronouncing the J. L is always pronounced like the first l in little, never like the second one. Examples: los, helado, pastel. See the lesson on pronouncing the L. LL (once considered a separate letter) is usually pronounced like the y in yellow. There are some regional variations, however. In parts of Spain it has the sound of the ll in million, and in parts of Argentina it has the zh sound of azure. Examples: llama, calle, Hermosillo. See the lesson on pronouncing the LL. Ñ is pronounced like the ny in canyon. Examples: à ±oà ±o, caà ±Ãƒ ³n, campaà ±a. See the lesson on pronouncing the Ñ. R and RR are formed by a flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, or a trill. See the R and RR how to guides for these letters. Z generally sounds like the s in simple. In Spain it is often pronounced like the th in thin. Examples: zeta, zorro, vez. See our lesson on pronouncing the C and Z.